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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
LIPID BILAYER
AMPHIPATHIC |
CONTAINS BOTH POLAR & NONPOLAR DOMAINS
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HYDORPHILIC HEADS
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WATER LOVING; AFFINITY FOR WATER BECAUSE OF HYDROGEN BONDS
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HYDROPHOBIC TAILS
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WATER FEARING; NON PPOLAR, DO NOT DISSOLVE IN WATER
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LIPID BILAYER COMPONENTS
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PHOSPHOLIPIDS
GLYCOLIPIDS CHOLESTEROL |
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PLASMA/CELL MEMBRANE
COMMUNICATION |
A.OTHER CELLS
B.LIGANDS (HORMONES, NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND ANTIBODIES) |
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EXTRACELLULAR
INTRACELLULAR INTERCELLULAR |
OUTSIDE OF CELL
INSIDE OF CELL BTN THE CELLS; PART OF EXTRACELLULAR ENVIRONMENT |
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PLASMA/CELL MEMBRANE
ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT |
Na, K, Cl, PO4
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PLASMA/CELL MEMBRANE
SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY |
DETERMINE HOW WELL THINGS WILL CROSS INTO THE CELL: 1). LIPID SOLUBILITY (MOST IMP-THE > THE LIPID SOLUBILITY, THE > IT WILL GO INTO THE CELL; 2). SIZE (MOLEC. WT); 3). CHARGE; 4).CHANNELS & TRANSPORTERS PRESENCE .
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PLASMA/CELL MEMBRANE
PROTEINS |
INTEGRAL: (THROUGH THE MEMBRANE)
A.PORES B. TRANSPORTERS C. RECEPTORS (LIGANDS) D. ENZYMES |
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PLASMA/CELL MEMBRANE
PROTEINS |
PERPHERAL PROTEINS (CAN BE EITHER INSIDE OR OUTSIDE)
A.ABO BLOOD B. ENZYMES C. ANCHORS FOR INSIDE TCELL |
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PLASMA/CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOSKELETON |
SHAPE & COORDINATED MOVEMENT (MICROFILAMENTS, MICROTUBULES)
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CYTOPLASM
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CYSTOL + ALL OTHER COMPONENTS OUTSIDE OF NUCLEUS
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LYSOSOMES
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CELL ENZYMES; MOLECULAR DIGESTION (FOR. MATL, BACTERIA)
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MITOCHONDRIA
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ATP PRODUCTION, POWERHOUSE, DNA
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CENTROSOMES/CENTRIOLES
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ORGANIZE MICROTUBULES IN NON-DIVIDING.
MITOTIC SPINDLES W/ CELL DIVISION |
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GOLGI COMPLEX/ APPARATUS
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CISTERNS, VESICLES;
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS |
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULM
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RER
SER (W/O RIBOSOMES) |
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NUCLEUS
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1. HAS DNA
2. SURROUNDED BY POROUS NUCLEAR MEMBRANE |
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mRNA
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TRIPLE BASE CODON
PARALLEL TO DNA CODING STRAND ANTIPARELLE TO DNA TEMPLATE STRAND EA CODON FOR SPECIF AA |
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tRNA
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PICKS UP SELECTIV AA
HAS TRIPLE BASE "ANTI CODON" ANTIPARELLEL TO mRNA PARELLEL TO TEMPLATE STRAND DNA |
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rRNA
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COMBINES W/ PROTEIN TO FORM A RIBOSOME
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PASSIVE PROCESS
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SIMPLE DIFFUSION: HIGH->LOW CONC.
FACIL.DIFFUSION-MVMT ACCROSS SEL.PERM.MMBRN W/ HELP OF MEMB PROT THAT SERVE AS CARRIERS OSMOSIS-NET MOVT OF WATER THROUGH SELECT PERM MEMB FROM HIGH->LOWER CONCENTRATION |
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ACTIVE PROCESSES
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT: LOW->HIGH
CONCENTRATION CO-TRANSPORT-TWO MOL MOVE IN SAME DIR (GLUCOSE AND NA) COUNTER-TRANSPORT-OPPOSITE DIR. (NA-K PUMP) PHAGOCYTOSIS ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS |
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SOLUTIONS
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ISOTONIC
HYPERTONIC-SOLUTION IS HYPERTON. RBC WILL SHRINK/CRENATE HYPOTONIC-SOLUTION IS HYPOTON. RBC WILL SWELL AND LYSE/HEMOLYS |
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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION
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CELL PROCESS
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1. REPLICATION (CELL DIV, MIT & MEI)
2. PROTEIN SYNTH (TRSCR+TRNSL) |
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DNA BASES
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A,T,G,C (COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRING)
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SNRP
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EXCISION OF INTRONS IN PRE mRNA STRAND. LEAVES EXTRONS (mRNA)
mRNA STRAND IS COMPLEMENTARY AND ANTI-PARELLEL FROM ITS DNA TEMPLATE (NON CODING) STRAND |
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TRANSLATION
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mRNA MOVES OUT INTO CYTOPLASM AND tRNA BRINGS IN ITS ANTI CODONS
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AUG
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START CODON - ALWAYS!
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UAA,UAG,UGA
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STOP CODONS
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mRNA
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5',7 methly guanines cap, poly A tail, 3'
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EXONS
INTRONS |
EXPRESS PROTEINS
GET CUT OUT OF PRE mRNA STRAND |
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SOMATIC (BODY) CELL DIVISION
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ACCOMPLISHED BY MITOSIS
THOSE CELLS OTHER THAN REPROD. CELLS. HUM SOM CELLS 23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES WH = 46 |
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REPRODUCTIVE/SEX CELLS
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ACCOMPLISHED BY MEIOSIS.
SEX CELLS(SPERM, EGG OVA) CONTAIN A TOTAL OF 23 CHROMOSOMES |
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PHASES OF REPLICATION
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INTERPHASE-NO CHROMOSOMES
PROPHASE-CHROM FORM,NUC MEMBR BRKS DN METAPHASE-MIDDLE ANAPHASE-APART, CYTOKINESIS STRT TELEPHASE-TELEPHONE 2 PARTS |
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PROTEASOMES
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CELL STRUCTURES THAT DESTROY WORN OUT OR TOXIC PROTEINS
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APOPTOSIS
(TELOMERES) |
PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
(CLICKER, KEEPING TRACK OF # X'S CELL REPRODUCES) |
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MUTATION
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PERMANENT STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN A GENE.
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PURINES
PYRIMIDINES |
G,A
C,U,T, (CUT THE "PY") |
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TRANSCRIPTION
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TAKES PLACE IN THE NUCLEUS.
TX OF NUCLEAR GENETIC DNA MATERIAL TO A STRAND OF PRE-mRNA (hn-RNA) |
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DNA IS ALWAYS READ 5'>3'
IF THERE IS NO MARKING, ALWAYS ASSUME 5'>3' |
DNA CODING STRAND 5'>3'
DNA TEMPLATE STRAND 3'>5' mRNA 5'>3' tRNA '3>5' |
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BASES OF mRNA
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GROUPED IN T TRIPLET = CODON
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rRNA
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SYNTHESIZED BY DNA IN NUCLEUS.
FORMS A RIBOSOME |
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tRNA
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PASS OUT FROM THE NUCLEUS & INTO THE CYTOPLASM WHERE IT PICKS UP AN AA
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UNIVERSAL CODE
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EVRY CODON HAS A SPECIFIC AA THAT IT CALLS FOR
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DEGENERATIVE CODE
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4 TOTHE 3 = 64
MINUS 1 FOR START CODON MINUS 3 FOR STOP CODON = 60, BUT ONLY 20 AA, SO MORE THAN ONE CODON WILL CALL FOR SAME AA. |
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ANTICODON
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END OF THE tRNA W. TRIPLE BASE SEQUENCE. ANTI-PARELLEL TO THE CODON
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P SITE
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WHERE FIRST tRNA ATTACHES TO START CODON IN mRNA
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A SITE
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WHERE 2ND tRNA ATTACHES TO mRNA
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