A & P Reproductive System

Front 1

What are the organs of the female reproductive system?

Back 1

=Ovaries
=Fallopian tubes
=Uterus
=Vagina
=External genital organs
=Mammary glands

Front 2

What are the ovaries and what do they do?

Back 2

=The two small ovaries are
attached to the posterior of the
broad ligament.
=They produce mature ova and secrete primarily female sexual hormones.

Front 3

How do the ovaries work?

Back 3

Ovaries contain ovarian follicles. Each
follicle consists of an immature egg called
an oocyte and cells surrounding the oocyte,
called follicular cells.
=On day 14 the mature ovum bursts from the follicle cells in a process called ovulation.
=The ovum then enters the fallopian tubes.

Front 4

What is the uterus and what does it do?

Back 4

=Primary function is to provide a safe and nurturing environment for the growing baby.
=The Uterus has three parts Fundus, the body and cervix
=The Uterus has three layers
Epimetrium, perimetrium and
endometrium

Front 5

What is the cervix?

Back 5

=The inferior, narrow portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina
=During labor, the cervix thins out (efface) and dilates

Front 6

What is the Vagina?

Back 6

=The birth canal or passageway between the
uterus and the external genitalia or perineum
=It also provides a passageway for menstrual
flow and for the fetus during delivery

Front 7

What are the external genitalia?

Back 7

=Consists of the vestibule and
surrounding structures

Labia minora

Clitoris

Labia majora

Clinical perineum

Front 8

What are the mammary glands?

Back 8

=A single lactiferous duct divides to form smaller ducts
Forms secretory sacs that secrete milk during nursing

Front 9

What is the Menstrual Cycle and when does it begin?

Back 9

=Menarche

The onset of menses, usually occurring
between ages 10 and 14.
-Estrogen and progesterone secreted by the
ovaries cause the endometrial changes.
=The Menstrual cycle has three stages:

Proliferative phase – thickening and repairing
itself

Secretory phase - after ovulation

Menstrual phase – shedding the ischemic endometrium

Front 10

How does fertilization take place?

Back 10

=Each month the uterus is stimulated by the hormone to develop a thickened
endometrium.
=If sperm fertilizes an egg, it is implanted in the uterus and nourished by this lining.
=If no egg is fertilized, the uterus sheds the lining, composed of cells and blood.
=This process is known as the menstrual cycle.

Front 11

What is the Menopause

Back 11

=The cessation of menses and ovarian function resulting from decreased secretion of estrogen.
=Menstrual periods generally
continue to occur until a woman is 45 to 55.

Front 12

What comprises the male sex bits?

Back 12

Testes

Epididymus and Vas Deferens

Prostate gland

Penis

Front 13

Describe the parts of the male reproductive system?

Back 13

Testes – composed of lobules with two types of
cells: the seminiferous tubules which produce
sperm and the interstitial cells which secretes
testosterone
=Epididymis – The sperm mature here and moves
through to the vas deferens
=Vas deferens – carry sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.
=The left and right ejaculatory ducts go through the prostate gland and join with the urethra
=Urethra – extends from the bladder to the tip of the penis. It serves two purposes.

Front 14

What are the secretions added to the sperm?

Back 14

Various secretions are added to the sperm as they
travel through the genital ducts. The secretions come
from three glands:
=Seminal vesicles –secretes a thick yellowish material rich in fructose, vitamin C and prostaglandins. These substances nourish and
activate the sperm as they pass through the ejaculatory ducts.
=Prostate gland – secretes a milky alkaline substance that plays a role in increasing sperm motility.
=Bulbourethral glands – tiny glands that secrete a thick mucus into the urethra for lubrication.

Front 15

Sum up the movement of sperm?

Back 15

Sperm is produced in the testes and matured in the epididymus. It then travels through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct, through the prostate gland to the urethra.

Front 16

How does blood flow during fetal life?

Back 16

Oxygenated blood flows from the placenta via the umbilical veins to the fetus' liver. From here to to the inferior vena cava to the right atrium. Blood passes through the foramen ovale an opening between the right and left atria. Then through the head and upper body parts. The to the right aria - right ventricles and lower body via the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta via a special duct.

Front 17

What happens at birth?

Back 17

The duct and foramen close and normal circulation through the pulmonary artery begins with the infants first breath.

Front 18

What is antepartum?

Back 18

Occurring not long before childbirth

Front 19

What is postpartum?

Back 19

Occuring not long after childbirth

Front 20

What is prenatal?

Back 20

before and during pregnancy

Front 21

what is natal?

Back 21

Relating to the place or time of one's birth

Front 22

what is primagravida?

Back 22

A primigravida or gravida 1 is a woman who is pregnant for the first time

Front 23

what is multigravida?

Back 23

A pregnant woman with one or more previous pregnancies.

Front 24

what is primapara?

Back 24

A woman who has given birth for the first time to an infant or infants

Front 25

what is multipara?

Back 25

A woman who has given birth two or more times

Front 26

What are the signs and symptoms of eclampsia?

Back 26

Tonic-clonic seizures generally preceded by pre-eclampsia (high blood pressure)

Front 27

What are the three layers of tissue of the uterus?

Back 27

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium