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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Which joint is the largest and most complex of the body?
Knee joint
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Modified hinge joint
Is the knee a single joint?
The knee joint consists of THREE joints within a single synovial cavity.
Which three joints make up the knee?
Lateral tibiofemoral joint

Medial tibiofemoral joint

Patellofemoral joint
What structures articulate at the lateral tibiofemoral joint?
Lateral condyle of femur with lateral condyle of tibia, lateral meniscus in between
What structures articulate at the medial tibiofemoral joint?
Medial condyle of femur with medial condyle of tibia, medial meniscus in between.
What structures articulate at the patellofemoral joint?
Patella and patellar surface of femur
What are the anatomic components of the knee joint?
1) Joint capsule

2) Accessory ligaments (extracapsular and intracapsular)

3) Articular discs (menisci)

4) Bursae
What structures form the articular capsule of the knee joint?
No complete, independent capsule unites the bones of the knee joint.

The ligamentous sheath surrounding the joint consists mostly of muscle tendons or their expansions.
What are the medial and lateral patellar retinacula?
Fused tendons of insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscle and the fascia lata (deep fascia of thigh) that strengthen the anterior surface of the joint.
What is the origin and insertion of the patellar ligament?
The patellar ligament is a continuation of the common tendon of insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscle that extends from the patella to the tibial tuberosity.

We say the patella articulates with the femur even though the patellar ligament eventually terminates on the tibial tuberosity.
What ligament inserts onto the tibial tuberosity?
Patellar ligament
What are the 2 main extracapsular accessory ligaments of the knee joint?
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL)
What is the origin and insertion of the medial collateral ligament?
Medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia
Damage to the medial collateral ligament frequently causes damage to what structures and why?
The MCL is firmly attached to the medial meniscus and tearing of the MCL frequently results in tearing of this meniscus as well as the anterior cruciate ligament.
What is the origin and insertion of the lateral collateral ligament?
Lateral condyle of femur to head of fibula
What are the 2 main intracapsular ligaments of the knee joint?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
What are the names of the ACL and PCL based on?
The position of the origins of the ligaments relative to the intercondylar area of the tibia.

For example, the ACL begins anteriorly and runs posteriorly.

The PCL begins posteriorly and runs anteriorly.
Describe the origin and insertion of the ACL.
Originin: anterior intercondylar area of tibia

Insertion: runs posterolaterally to the lateral condyle of the femur.
Describe the origin and insertion of the PCL.
Origin: posterior intercondylar area

Insertion: runs anteromedially to insert on medial condyle of femur.
Which intracapsular ligament inserts on the lateral condyle of the femur?
ACL
Which intracapsular ligament inserts on the medial condyle of the femur?
PCL
The two fibrocartilaginous discs between the tibial and femoral condyles are called the...
Medial and lateral menisci
The menisci are composed of...
Fibrocartilage
Which meniscus is semi-circular?
Medial meniscus
Which meniscus is almost circular?
Lateral meniscus
The anterior surfaces of the medial and lateral menisci are connected to each other by the...
Transverse ligament of the knee
What are the three most important bursae of the knee?
1) Prepatellar bursa

2) Infrapatellar bursa

3) Suprapatellar bursa
Where is the prepatellar bursa located?
Between patella and skin
Where is the infrapatellar bursa located?
Between patellar ligament and superior part of tibia
Where is the suprapatellar bursa located?
Between the deep surface of of the quadriceps femoris muscle and the inferior part of the femur
What movements occur at the knee joint?
Flexion and extension of the leg
Which muscles flex the leg at the knee joint?
Hamstrings
Which muscles extend the leg at the knee joint?
Quadriceps femoris