A+P Muscle Ch.9

Front 1

Elongated contractle cells of muscle tissue

Back 1

Muscle fibers/cells

Front 2

How do muscle cells shorten

Back 2

By converting food into movement

Front 3

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

Back 3

Smooth, skeletal, cardiac

Front 4

Skeletal muscle

Back 4

Striated, voluntary

Front 5

Cardiac muscle

Back 5

Striated, involuntary, intercalated disks

Front 6

Smooth muscle

Back 6

Nonstriated, involuntary, also called visceral, found in hollow structures

Front 7

What are the parts of skeletal muscle

Back 7

Origin, insertion, body

Front 8

Origin

Back 8

Attachment to bone that remains stationary when movement at joint occurs

Front 9

Insertion

Back 9

Point of attachment to bone that moves when muscle contracts

Front 10

Body

Back 10

Main part of muscle

Front 11

How does muscle attach to bones

Back 11

Tendons

Front 12

What are bursae

Back 12

Small sacs with synovial fluid between tendons and underlying bones

Front 13

Muscle fibers contain what two things

Back 13

Thick and thin myofilaments

Front 14

Thick myofilaments contain

Back 14

Protein called myosin

Front 15

Thin myofilaments contain

Back 15

Actin

Front 16

What is the basic functional(contractle) unit called in skeletal muscle

Back 16

Sacromere (separated from each other by dark bands called z bands)

Front 17

What does contraction require

Back 17

Calcium and ATP

Front 18

How does skeletal muscle move

Back 18

By pulling on bones as muscle contracts

Front 19

The insertion bone is pulled what to the origin bone

Back 19

Closer

Front 20

Where does movement occur

Back 20

At joint, between origin and insertion

Front 21

Groups of muscles usually contract to produce what

Back 21

A single movement

Front 22

Prime mover

Back 22

Muscle whose contraction is mainly responsible for producing a given movement

Front 23

Synergist

Back 23

Muscle whose contractions HELP prime mover produce a movement

Front 24

Antagonist

Back 24

Muscle whose actions OPPOSE of a prime mover in any movement

Front 25

Posture

Back 25

Muscle contraction called tonic contraction enables us to maintain body position

Front 26

How does skeletal muscle tone maintain posture

Back 26

By counteracting the pull of gravity

Front 27

What is muscle fatigue

Back 27

Reduced strength of muscle contraction

Front 28

What is muscle fatigue caused by

Back 28

Repeated muscle stimulation without adequate rest periods

Front 29

What does repeated muscle contraction do

Back 29

Depletes cellular ATP stores and outstrips ability of blood supply to replenish oxygen

Front 30

Muscle burning is contributed to

Back 30

Contraction without oxygen which produces lactic acid

Front 31

Oxygen debt

Back 31

Metabolic effort required to burn excess lactic acid

Front 32

What is required to pay the oxygen debt

Back 32

Labored breathing which increases metabolism, helps restore energy and oxygen

Front 33

What is required before a muscle can shorten and produce movement

Back 33

Stimulation of muscle by nerve impulse

Front 34

What is a motor unit

Back 34

Nerve cell that transmits impulse to a muscle causing contraction

Front 35

What is the point of contact between a nerve ending and muscle fiber

Back 35

Neuromuscular junction

Front 36

What is a motor unit a combination of

Back 36

Motor neuron and muscle cell

Front 37

What is the minimal level of intensity an applied stimulus must reach called

Back 37

Threshold stimuli

Front 38

Once stimulated by threshold stimuli, a muscle fiber will contract completley. What is this response called

Back 38

All or none

Front 39

Twitch contractions

Back 39

Quick, jerky responses to a stimuli

Front 40

Tetanic contractions

Back 40

Steady muscular contraction caused by a series of stimuli bombarding a muscle in rapid succession

Front 41

Isotonic contractions

Back 41

BOOK. Produces movement at joint, muscle changes length causing insertion end to move

Front 42

Concentric muscles

Back 42

Shorten muscles

Front 43

Eccentric

Back 43

Increase in length

Front 44

Isometric contractions

Back 44

HOUSE. Do not produce movement, tension increases

Front 45

Strength activity does what to a muscle fiber

Back 45

Increases number of myofilaments in each muscle fiber and the mass of muscle increases

Front 46

Does endurance training result in muscle hypertrophy

Back 46

Np, allows efficient delivery of oxygen

Front 47

Myopathies

Back 47

Muscle disorders can range from mild to life threatening

Front 48

Crush injuries can result can result in what

Back 48

Kideny failure because of cell contents released

Front 49

Poliomyelitis

Back 49

Viral infection of motor nerves

Front 50

Muscular dystrophy

Back 50

Group of genetic disorders charact. By muscle atrophy

Front 51

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Back 51

Pseudo hypertrophic, most common type, rapid progression of weakness and atrophy, mostly boys

Front 52

Myasthenia gravis

Back 52

autoimmune disease charact by weakness and chronic fatigue by immune sys attacking NMJ

Front 53

What is the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

Back 53

Thick and think myofilaments move toward each other to cause muscle contraction

Front 54

Aponeurosis

Back 54

Flat sheet connective tissue that connects muscle to other structures

Front 55

Plantar flexion

Back 55

Pointed toes

Front 56

Doris flexion

Back 56

Toes toward head

Front 57

Supination

Back 57

Palms up

Front 58

Pronation

Back 58

Palms down

Front 59

Sprain

Back 59

Damage to ligaments

Front 60

Strain

Back 60

Involves stretching or tearing. No ligament damage