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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the different types of bones?
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long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
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what is the function of long bones?
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curved for strength
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what is the function of flat bones?
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protection and muscle attachment
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what is the function of sesamoid bones?
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protect tendons from excessive wear and tear, change direction of pull of a tendon improving mechanical advantage at joint
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give examples of long bones
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femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges
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give examples of short bones
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carpal bones, tarsal bones
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give examples of irregular bones
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vertebrae, some facial bones
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give an example of sesamoid bones
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patella, also associated with phalanges, wrists and ankles
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what type of bone are long bones made up of?
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mostly made up of compact bone in the diaphyses but have spongy bone in the epipyses
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what type of bone are short bones made up of?
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consist of spongy bone except at surface which has thin layer of compact bone
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what type of bone are irregular bones made up of?
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very in amount of spongy and compact bone
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what type of bone are sesamoid bones made up of?
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may not be completely ossified
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give examples of flat bones
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cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula
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identify the divisions of the skeletal system
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axial and appendicular
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which bones are in the axial skeleton? (general)
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cranial bones, facial bones, hyoid bone, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
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which bones are in the cranium
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frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
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name facial bones
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2 nasal, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatics, 2 lacramal, mandible
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name bones in vertebral column
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cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
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how many ribs in total
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12
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how many true ribs?
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7
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how many false ribs?
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3
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What are the names of the sutures?
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coronal/frontal, sagittal, lambdoidal/occipital, squamosal/temporal
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what cranial bones does the coronal/frontal suture join?
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the frontal bone, and both parietal bones
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what cranial bones does the lambdoidal/occipital suture join?
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the occipital bone, both the parietal bones and both temporal bones
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what cranial bones does the sagittal suture connect?
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both parietal bones
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what cranial bones do the squamosal/temporal sutures join?
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the parietal bone, temporal bone and occipital bones on either side
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what are fontanels?
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the soft spots on an infants skull
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what are the major fontanels?
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anterior/frontal, anterior lateral, posterior/occipital, posterior lateral
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where is the anterior/frontal fontanel located and what cranial bones does it join?
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located medially and anterior between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones
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where is the anterior lateral fontanel located and what bones does it join?
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lateral anterior on either side of skull, joins the temporal, parietal, frontal and sphenoid
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where is the posterior occipital fontanel located and what cranial bones does it join?
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medial and posterior, joins the two parietal bones and the occipital
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where is the posterior lateral fontanel found and what cranial bones does it join?
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lateral and anterior one either side of skull, joining temporal, occipital and parietal bones
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what does the hyoid bone articulate with?
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it doesn't articulate with any other bones
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what is the hyoid bones function?
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it is for the muscular attachment of tongue, neck and pharynx
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where are the cervical vertebrae located?
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they are the first seven vertebrae in the vertebral column
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which cervical vertebra articulates with the skull?
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the atlas
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which vertebrae are the only ones with transverse foramen?
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cervical
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where are the thoracic vertebrea found?
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the correlate with the thorax of the body. They are the second set of 12 vertebrae
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where are the lumbar vertebrae found?
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they correlate with the abdomen, they are the third set of 5 vertebrae
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where is the sacrum found?
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at base of spine
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where is the coccyx found?
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at the tip of the sacrum
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which of the vertebrae are fused?
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sacrum and coccyx
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what are the parts of the sternum and in what order do they go?
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manubrium, body, xiphoid process
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What portion of the skeleton is considered the "axial" skeleton?
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the portion along the central/longitudinal axis
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how many bones are in the axial skeleton?
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80
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which vertebra articulates with the atlas?
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the axis or C2
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what portion of the skeleton is considered the "appendicular" skeleton?
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appendages, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
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how many bones in the appendicular skeleton?
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126
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what are the general groups of bones in the appendicular skeleton?
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pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, lower extremeties
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how many floating ribs?
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2
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Name the sinuses
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sphenoidal, maxillary, frontal
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what are the functions of the sinuses
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warm/moisten air, lighten skull, add resonance to voice
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what's the function of the thorax?
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encloses and protects thoracic organs and upper abdomen; provides support for pectoral girdle and upper extremities.
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describe how a long bone looks
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longer than wide, slightly curved for strength
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describe how a short bone looks
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somewhat cube shaped, nearly equal in length/width
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describe how a flat bone looks
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thin, 2 parallel platse of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone
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describe how irregular bones look
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complex and various shapes
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is the scapula tightly or loosely attached to the axial skeleton?
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loosely
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what bones are found within the pectoral girdle?
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slavicle, scapula
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what bones are found in the upper extremity, proximal to distal?
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humerous, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
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phalanges are another name for
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fingers
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the carpals are found...
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in the wrist
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the radius is found on the same side as the
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thumb
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the ulna is found on the side of
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the pinky
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what are the three different fused bones that make up the pelvic girdle?
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ilium, ischium, pubis
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what bones are found in the lower extremity, proximal to distal?
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femur, tibia/fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, toes
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name the two tarsals that we need to know
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talus, calcaneus
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the talus is associated with what part of the foot?
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the ankle
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the calcaneus is associated with what part of the foot?
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the heel
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the metatarsals are associated with what part of the foot?
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the sole of the foot
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the phalanges found in the foot are associated with what part of the foot?
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toes
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the carpals are associated with what part of the hand?
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the wrist
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the metacarpals are associated with what part of the hand?
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the palm
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What is the difference between a female pelvis and a male pelvis
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the arch under the pubic symphysis in a female is greater than 90 degrees, while the arch in a male is about 90 degrees; the ilium of a female pelvis is more rounded than the males; the entire pelvis of a male is heavier, thicker and larger
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what's the common name for the humerus?
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arm
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what's the common name for the radius/ulna?
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forearm
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what's the common name for the pelvic girdle?
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hip
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what's the common name for the femur?
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thigh
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what's the common name for the tibia/fibula
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calf/leg
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the tibia is found aligned with what portion of the foot?
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big toe
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the fibula is found aligned with what portion of the foot?
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the pinky toe
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the greater sciatic notch is found where? What runs through it?
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on the ilium, the sciatic nerve
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