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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What conducts action potential away from cell body? |
Axon
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What’s the receptor region of neuron that produces graded potentials?
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dendrite
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Where is the site of the nucleus and metabolism for neuro?
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cell body
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What are the gaps in the myelin sheath where depolarization occurs (saltatory conduction)?
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node of ranvier
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What increases conduction rate of action potentials?
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myelin sheath
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What produces the myelin sheath?
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Schwann cell
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What is the site of action potential generation?
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trigger zone
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What is the membrane that releases neurotransmitter into synaptic gap?
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presynaptic membrane
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What is the chemical that carries impulse across synaptic gap?
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neurotransmitter
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What is the space between neuron and effector membranes?
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synaptic gap
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What is the membrane protein where neurotransmitter binds?
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neurotransmitter receptor
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What is the membrane activated by neurotransmitter?
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postsynaptic membrane
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What contains neurotransmitters?
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synaptic vesicle
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What does Lidocaine block?
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Na voltage gates
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If Na voltage gates are blocked, what happens?
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no depolarization occurs
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Which synaptic membrane is affected by lidocaine?
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pre-synaptic membrane
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What is curare?
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a skeletal relaxant drug
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Which synaptic membrane is affected by curare?
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post synaptic membrane
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What does curare compete with?
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it competes with neurotransmitter for post synaptic receptors on sarcolemma
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What does the graph look like with lidocain?
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It’s straight
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What does the graph look like with curare?
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it’s the same, the action potential isn’t affected.
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What is the relationship between the size of a nerve and the conduction velocity?
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large nerves increase velocity, small nerves decrease velocity
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Why does the size of the nerve affected the velocity?
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there is more surface area on a larger nerve
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What is the relationship between myelination and conduction?
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more myelination increases conduction, less or no myelination decreases conduction
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Why does myelination affect conduction?
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because of uneven distribution of voltage-gated channels. There are fewer voltage gated channels in regions that are myelinated.
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What does the endoneurium protect?
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nerve fibers
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Nerve fibers grouped together are?
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fascicles
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Fascicles are what?
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groups of nerve fibers
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What does the perineurium protect?
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fascicles
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What does the epineurium protect?
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multiple fascicles
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Area containing adipose that acts as a cushion for the spinal cord
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epidural space
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Outermost protective layer of spinal cord
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dura mater
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Middle protective layer of spinal cord
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arachnoid mater
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Space within protective layers filled with CSF
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subarachnoid space
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Innermost protective layer of spinal cord
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pia mater
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Interior tube in spinal cord filled with CSF
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central canal
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Contains motor axons exiting spinal cord
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anterior root of spinal cord
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Contains sensory axons entering spinal cord
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posterior root of spinal cord
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Contains sensory neuron cell bodies
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posterior root ganglion
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Contains association neuron cell bodies
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Posterior horn of gray matter
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Contains motor neuron cell bodies
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anterior horn of gray matter
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Myelinated axons that carries sensory information to brain
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ascending spinal tracts
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Myelinated axons that carries motor impulses from brain
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descending spinal tracts
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Transports nutrients and gases to nervous tissue, also cushions spinal cord
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cerebrospinal fluid
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Regulates heartbeat, respiration rate, vomiting, coughing, sneezing
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medulla oblongata
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Aids in controlling breathing (works with medulla oblongata)
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pons
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Contains reflex centers for startle reflex, auditory and visual impulses
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midbrain
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Relays sensory information to cortex – crude perception of touch, pressure, pain and temperature
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thalamus
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Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst
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hypothalamus
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Endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate growth, development, metabolism, and homeostasis
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pituitary gland
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Regulates posture and balance – coordinates smooth muscle movement
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cerebellum
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Contains specific centers that interpret sensory impulses, control muscle movement, center for emotions and intelligence
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cerebrum
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Contains choroid plexus which produces CSF
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ventricles
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What is inside ventricles that produces CSF?
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choroid plexus
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White matter tract that conducts impulses between cerebral hemispheres allowing hemispheres to act as a unit
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corpus callosum
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White matter tracts that conduct impulses between sides of cerebellum
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arbor vitae
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What is the central sulcus?
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the coronal line that segments the frontal and parietal lobes and the pre and post central gyrus’s.
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What kind of cells is CFS made up of?
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ependymal cells
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Where is the primary motor area of the brain found?
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the pre central gyrus of the frontal lobe
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What cerebral cortex area controls skeletal muscles?
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primary motor area
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Where is the location of the primary somatosensory area
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post central gyrus of the parietal lobe
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Which cerebral cortex area interprets sensation from the skin and skeletal muscles along with spatial discrimination?
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primary somatosensory area
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Where is the primary visual area found?
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occipital lobe
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Which cerebral cortex area interprets visual stimuli?
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primary visual area
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Where is the primary auditory area found?
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temporal lobe
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Which cerebral cortex area interprets auditory stimuli, recognizes sound, tone, pitch etc.?
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primary auditory area
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Where is the primary gustatory area found?
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parietal (inferior aspect)
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What cerebral cortex area interprets gustatory stimuli, recognizes tastes
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primary gustatory area
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Where is broca’s speech area found?
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frontal lobe, inferior to precentral gyrus on lateral side
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Which cerebral cortex area controls muscles for speech (tongue, lips, throat)
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broca’s speech area
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Where is the primary olfactory area found?
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under side of brain, medial aspects of temporal lobes
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Which cerebral cortex area interprets odors?
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primary olfactory area
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Where is the prefrontal cortex found?
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frontal lobe
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Which cerebral cortex area is the site for learning, cognition and personality?
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prefrontal cortex
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