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74 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What conducts action potential away from cell body?

Axon
What’s the receptor region of neuron that produces graded potentials?
dendrite
Where is the site of the nucleus and metabolism for neuro?
cell body
What are the gaps in the myelin sheath where depolarization occurs (saltatory conduction)?
node of ranvier
What increases conduction rate of action potentials?
myelin sheath
What produces the myelin sheath?
Schwann cell
What is the site of action potential generation?
trigger zone
What is the membrane that releases neurotransmitter into synaptic gap?
presynaptic membrane
What is the chemical that carries impulse across synaptic gap?
neurotransmitter
What is the space between neuron and effector membranes?
synaptic gap
What is the membrane protein where neurotransmitter binds?
neurotransmitter receptor
What is the membrane activated by neurotransmitter?
postsynaptic membrane
What contains neurotransmitters?
synaptic vesicle
What does Lidocaine block?
Na voltage gates
If Na voltage gates are blocked, what happens?
no depolarization occurs
Which synaptic membrane is affected by lidocaine?
pre-synaptic membrane
What is curare?
a skeletal relaxant drug
Which synaptic membrane is affected by curare?
post synaptic membrane
What does curare compete with?
it competes with neurotransmitter for post synaptic receptors on sarcolemma
What does the graph look like with lidocain?
It’s straight
What does the graph look like with curare?
it’s the same, the action potential isn’t affected.
What is the relationship between the size of a nerve and the conduction velocity?
large nerves increase velocity, small nerves decrease velocity
Why does the size of the nerve affected the velocity?
there is more surface area on a larger nerve
What is the relationship between myelination and conduction?
more myelination increases conduction, less or no myelination decreases conduction
Why does myelination affect conduction?
because of uneven distribution of voltage-gated channels. There are fewer voltage gated channels in regions that are myelinated.
What does the endoneurium protect?
nerve fibers
Nerve fibers grouped together are?
fascicles
Fascicles are what?
groups of nerve fibers
What does the perineurium protect?
fascicles
What does the epineurium protect?
multiple fascicles
Area containing adipose that acts as a cushion for the spinal cord
epidural space
Outermost protective layer of spinal cord
dura mater
Middle protective layer of spinal cord
arachnoid mater
Space within protective layers filled with CSF
subarachnoid space
Innermost protective layer of spinal cord
pia mater
Interior tube in spinal cord filled with CSF
central canal
Contains motor axons exiting spinal cord
anterior root of spinal cord
Contains sensory axons entering spinal cord
posterior root of spinal cord
Contains sensory neuron cell bodies
posterior root ganglion
Contains association neuron cell bodies
Posterior horn of gray matter
Contains motor neuron cell bodies
anterior horn of gray matter
Myelinated axons that carries sensory information to brain
ascending spinal tracts
Myelinated axons that carries motor impulses from brain
descending spinal tracts
Transports nutrients and gases to nervous tissue, also cushions spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid
Regulates heartbeat, respiration rate, vomiting, coughing, sneezing
medulla oblongata
Aids in controlling breathing (works with medulla oblongata)
pons
Contains reflex centers for startle reflex, auditory and visual impulses
midbrain
Relays sensory information to cortex – crude perception of touch, pressure, pain and temperature
thalamus
Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst
hypothalamus
Endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate growth, development, metabolism, and homeostasis
pituitary gland
Regulates posture and balance – coordinates smooth muscle movement
cerebellum
Contains specific centers that interpret sensory impulses, control muscle movement, center for emotions and intelligence
cerebrum
Contains choroid plexus which produces CSF
ventricles
What is inside ventricles that produces CSF?
choroid plexus
White matter tract that conducts impulses between cerebral hemispheres allowing hemispheres to act as a unit
corpus callosum
White matter tracts that conduct impulses between sides of cerebellum
arbor vitae
What is the central sulcus?
the coronal line that segments the frontal and parietal lobes and the pre and post central gyrus’s.
What kind of cells is CFS made up of?
ependymal cells
Where is the primary motor area of the brain found?
the pre central gyrus of the frontal lobe
What cerebral cortex area controls skeletal muscles?
primary motor area
Where is the location of the primary somatosensory area
post central gyrus of the parietal lobe
Which cerebral cortex area interprets sensation from the skin and skeletal muscles along with spatial discrimination?
primary somatosensory area
Where is the primary visual area found?
occipital lobe
Which cerebral cortex area interprets visual stimuli?
primary visual area
Where is the primary auditory area found?
temporal lobe
Which cerebral cortex area interprets auditory stimuli, recognizes sound, tone, pitch etc.?
primary auditory area
Where is the primary gustatory area found?
parietal (inferior aspect)
What cerebral cortex area interprets gustatory stimuli, recognizes tastes
primary gustatory area
Where is broca’s speech area found?
frontal lobe, inferior to precentral gyrus on lateral side
Which cerebral cortex area controls muscles for speech (tongue, lips, throat)
broca’s speech area
Where is the primary olfactory area found?
under side of brain, medial aspects of temporal lobes
Which cerebral cortex area interprets odors?
primary olfactory area
Where is the prefrontal cortex found?
frontal lobe
Which cerebral cortex area is the site for learning, cognition and personality?
prefrontal cortex