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167 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the production site of follicle stimulating hormone?
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anterior pituitary
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What is the production site of luteinizing hormone?
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anterior pituitary
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What is the production site of adrenocorticotropic hormone?
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anterior pituitary
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What is the production site of thyroid-stimulating hormone?
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anterior pituitary
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What is the production site of prolactin?
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anterior pituitary
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What is the production site of growth hormone?
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anterior pituitary
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What is the production site of oxytocin?
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hypothalamus/posterior pituitary
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What is the production site of antidiuretic hormone?
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hypothalamus/posterior pituitary
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FSH is
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follicle stimulating hormone
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LH is
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luteinizing hormone
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ACTH is
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adrenocorticotropic hormone
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TSH is
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thyroid-stimulating hormone
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PRL is
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prolactin
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hGH is
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growth hormone
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OT is
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oxytocin
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ADH is
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antidiuretic hormone
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What is the target site of follicle stimulating hormone?
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ovaries/testes
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What is the target site of luteinizing hormone?
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ovaries/testes
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What is the target site of adrenocorticotropic hormone?
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adrenal cortex
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What is the target site of thyroid-stimulating hormone?
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thyroid
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What is the target site of prolactin?
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mammary glands
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What is the target site of growth hormone?
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skeletal muscle, bone, cartilage, liver
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What is the target site of oxytocin?
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uterus, breasts/mammary glands
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What is the target site of antidiuretic hormone?
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kidneys/arterioles
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What hormone stimulates oocyte development and testosterone production?
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follicle stimulating hormone
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What hormone stimulates ovulation and testosterone production?
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luteinizing hormone
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What hormone stimulates glucorticoids (cortisol)?
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adrenocorticotropic hormone
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What hormone stimulates the synthesis/secretion of T3/T4?
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thyroid-stimulating hormone
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What hormone stimulates milk production?
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prolactin
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What hormone stimulates IGF synthesis that triggers protein anabolism, lipolysis, decreased glucose uptake?
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growth hormone
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What hormone stimulates smooth muscle contraction in wall of uterus, milk ejection?
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oxytocin
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What hormone increases water reabsorption and constriction of arterioles?
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Antidiuretic hormone
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When ACTH acts on its target site(?), what is the response?
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adrenal cortex/increase cortisol reduce stress
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When TSH acts on its target site (?) what is the response?
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thyroid/increase T3/T4, increase basal metabolic rate
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When hGH acts on its target site (?) what is the response?
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skeletal muscle, bone, cartilage, liver/increased growth, increase blood sugar level
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When ADH acts on its target site (?) what is the response?
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kidneys, arterioles/increase blood volume, decrease urine production, decrease H2O loss in sweat, increase blood pressure
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What is the stimulus for ACTH?
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stress, decreased cortisol levels
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What is the stimulus for TSH?
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low T3/T4 – decreased basal metabolic rate
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What is the stimulus for hGH?
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hypoglycemia
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What is the stimulus for antidiuretic hormone?
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dehydration/low blood volume
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What is the hormone produced in the thyroid from the follicular cells?
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T3/T4
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What is the target site for T3/T4?
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general body
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What does increased T3/T4 do (action)?
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increased glycolysis and lipolysis
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What is the response for T3/T4?
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increased BMR
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What is the stimulus for T3/T4?
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low BMR, increased TSH
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When BMR is low and there is increased TSH, which hormone is stimulated?
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T3/T4
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What hormone’s action is increased glycoloysis and lipolysis?
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T3/T4
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What hormone, when stimulated, increases BMR?
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T3/T4
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T3/T4 is produced where?
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thyroid/follicular cells
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What is the hormone produced in the thyroid from the parafollicular cells?
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calcitonin
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What is the target site for calcitonin?
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osteoclasts
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What does increased calcitonin do (action)?
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inhibits osteoclasts
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What is the response for calcitonin?
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decreased blood calcium
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What is the stimulus for calcitonin?
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high blood calcium
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When blood calcium is high, which hormone is stimulated?
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calcitonin
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What hormone’s action is inhibiting osteoclasts?
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calcitonin
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What hormone, when stimulated, decreases blood calcium?
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calcitonin
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Calcitonin is produced where?
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thyroid/parafollicular cells
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What is the hormone produced in the parathyroid gland?
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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What is the target site for PTH?
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osteoclasts
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What does increased PTH do (action)?
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stimulates osteoclasts
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What is the response for PTH?
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increased blood calcium
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What is the stimulus for PTH?
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low blood calcium
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When blood calcium is low, which hormone is stimulated?
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PTH
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What hormone’s action is stimulating osteoclasts?
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PTH
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What hormone, when stimulated, increases blood calcium?
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PTH
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PTH is produced where?
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parathyroid gland
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What is the hormone produced in adrenal medulla?
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epinephrine/norepinephrine
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What is the target site for EPI/NE?
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heart, lungs, liver
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What does increased EPI/NE do (action)?
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stimulates all sympathetic responses: increased HR, glycolysis, lipolysis, glycogenolysis
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What is the response for EPI/NE?
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increased O2 and BSL
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What is the stimulus for EPI/NE?
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stress/fight or flight
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When the bodies stress/fight or flight responses are stimulated, which hormone is being stimulated?
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EPI/NE
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What hormone’s action is stimulating the sympathetic NS responses ?
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EPI/NE
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What hormone, when stimulated, increases O2 and BSL?
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EPI/NE
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EPI/NE is produced where?
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adrenal medulla
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What is the hormone produced in the adrenal cortex?
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cortisol
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What is the target site for cortisol?
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general body/liver
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What does increased cortisol do (action)?
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glucose homeostasis, increased gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, protein catabolism
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What is the response for cortisol?
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decreased stress, increased BSL
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What is the stimulus for cortisol?
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increased stress
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When there is increased stress to the body, which hormone is stimulated?
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cortisol
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What hormone’s action is glucose homeostasis?
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cortisol
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What hormone, when stimulated, decreases stress and increases BSL?
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cortisol
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cortisol is produced where?
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adrenal cortex
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What is the hormone produced from the alpha cells in the pancreas?
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glucagon
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What is the target site for glucagon?
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liver, general body
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What does increased glucagon do (action)?
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raises BSL, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis
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What is the response for glucagon?
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increased BSL
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What is the stimulus for glucagon?
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hypoglycemia
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When blood sugar is low, (hypoglycemia), which hormone is stimulated?
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glucagon
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What hormone’s action raising BSL by glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and lypolysis?
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glucagon
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What hormone, when stimulated, increases BSL?
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glucagon
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glucagon is produced where?
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alpha cells of the pancreas
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What is the hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancrease?
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insulin
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What is the target site for insulin?
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liver, general body
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What does increased insulin do (action)?
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lowers BSL through glycogenesis, lypogenesis, glycolysis
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What is the response for insulin?
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decreased BSL/hyperglycemia
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What is the stimulus for insulin?
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high BSL
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When BSL is high, which hormone is stimulated?
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insulin
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What hormone’s action is lowering BSL through glycogenesis, lipyogenesis, glycologysis?
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insulin
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What hormone, when stimulated, decreases BSL?
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insulin
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Insulin is produced where?
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beta cells of the pancrease
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Name four sympathetic responses that are triggered with EPI/NE is stimulated?
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increased HR, glycolysis, lipolysis, glycogenolysis
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Name three ways cortisol maintains glucose homeostasis
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through increased gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, protein catabolism
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Name three ways glucagon raises BSL
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glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis
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Name three ways insulin lowers BSL
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glycogenesis, lipogenesis, glycolysis
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What turns adrenocorticotropic hormone off?
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corticotropin
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what turns thyroid stimulating hormone off?
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thyrotropin
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what turns growth hormone off?
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somatostatin
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What do the ovaries produce?
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estrogen, progesterone, inhibin
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What produces estrogen, progesterone, inhibin?
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ovaries
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What do the testes produce?
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testosterone, inhibin
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What produces testosterone and inhibin?
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testes
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What does the pineal gland produce?
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melatonin
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What produces melatonin?
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the pineal gland
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What does the thymus produce?
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thymosin
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What produces thymosin?
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the thymus
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What does Diabetes Mellitus stem from?
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an inability of glucose to be taken into the cell
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What is diabetic neuropathy?
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nerve damage that leads to foot ulcers, and lower extremity aputations
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What is diabetic retinopathy?
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damage to the retina
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What is diabetic nephropathy
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kidney failure
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diabetes mellitus is known as what?
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sugar diabetes
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diabetes insipidus is also known as what?
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water diabetes
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There are three types of diabetes mellitus, what are they?
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Type 1, Type 2, gestational diabetes
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Which type of diabetes mellitus is insulin dependent?
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type 1
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Hypersecretion of hGH in adults will result in?
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acromegaly
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Hyposecretion of ADH will result in ?
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diabetes insipidus
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Hypersecretion of hGH in children will result in?
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pituitary gigantism
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Hyposecretion of cortisol and aldosterone results in?
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addison’s disease
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Hypersecretion of cortisol results in?
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cushing’s syndrome
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Hyposecretion of insulin results in?
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diabetes mellitus
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Hyposecretion of T3/T4 in infancy results in?
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cretenism
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Hyposecretion of T3/T4 after infancy results in?
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hashimoto’s disease
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Hypersecretion of T3/T4 results in?
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Grave’s disease
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Glucose is what type of saccharide?
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monosaccharide
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What is glycogen?
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the storage form of glucose
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Which hormones are involved in glycogenolysis
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glucagon,EPI/NE,hGH
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Which hormones are involved in glycogenesis
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insulin
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Which hormones are involved in glycolysis
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T3/T4, EPI/NE, hGH, insulin
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Which hormones are involved in gluconeogenesis
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glucagon, cortisol
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Which hormones are involved in lipolysis
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T3/T4, cortisol, hGH, EPI/NE, glucagon
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Which hormones are involved in lipogenesis
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insulin
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Which hormones are involved in protein synthesis
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insulin, T3/T4, hGH
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Which hormones are involved in protein breakdown
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cortisol
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What is another name for the anterior pituitary?
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adenohypophysis
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What is another name for the posterior pituitary?
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neurohypophysis
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The “Flat Peg” hormones are found in the anterior or posterior pituitary?
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anterior
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The medulla of the adrenal gland is stimulated by what?
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the sympathetic NS
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99% of cells in the pancrease are….
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acini cells
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1% of cells in the pancrease are….
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islets of langerhans
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The acini cells in the pancrease produce enzymes/hormones?
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enzymes
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The islets of langerhans produce enzymes/hormones?
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hormones
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What is the action of thymosin?
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matures T cells making them immunocompetent
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Endocrine has/has no ducts?
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has none
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Exocrine has/has no ducts?
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has ducts
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What tissue is this? Cells can be seen? What hormones are made here? What disorders are associated with this?
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Thyroid
Follicular, parafollicular, follicles T/3-T4, calcitonin Grave's disease, Hashimoto's disease |
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what is this? What cells can be seen? What hormones are made here? Where? What disorders are associated with this tissue?
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Pancreas, acini cells/islets of langerhans, glucagon/insulin, alpha cells/beta cells, diabetes mellitus
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What is this? What hormones are produced here? Where? What disorders are associated with it?
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Adrenal, cortisol/aldosterone - EPI/NE - cortex/medulla, Cushing's syndrome/Addison's disease
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Name A, B, C, D, E and F
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A - Anterior Pituitary
B - posterior pituitary C - thyroid D - parathyroid E - adrenal cortex F - adrenal medulla |
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Name A and B
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A - adrenal cortex
B - adrenal medulla |
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Name A and B
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A - posterior pituitary
B - anterior pituitary |
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What is the stimulus for aldosterone?
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decrease in BP/blood volume
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A decrease in BP/blood volume stimulates the secretion of what hormone?
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aldosterone
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what is the target site of aldosterone?
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kidneys
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what is the action that occurs when aldosterone reaches the kidneys?
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increases Na+/H20 absorption, K+ secretion
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what is the response for aldosterone?
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increase in BP/blood volume
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