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368 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Functions of the endocrine system?
Control/Regulate Body Activities
Control/Regulate Growth and Development
Control/Regulate Homeostasis
Actions of the endocrine system?
Alter Cell Permeability
Activate Enzymes
Activate Genes
Controls of the endocrine system?
Direct Nerve Pathway - Adrenal Medulla

Positive Feedback - Oxytocin

Negative Feedback - Most Hormones
Protein-like hormones have names that end with ?
In, On, or Hormone
Protein-like hormones typically do not enter the ____________, but instead bind with a surface protein on the cell which activates ________ in the cell membrane. The __________ is camp = ________ made from ______ by the enzyme ________ which was activated by G-Protein.
Target Cells
G-Protein
Internal Messenger
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
ATP
Adenylate Cyclase
Name 3 hormones that is activated by G-Protein
Insulin

Glucagon

Growth Hormone
What are steriod hormones made from?
Cholesterol
Steriod Hormones end in what?
Ol or One
Steriod Hormones enter the ___________ and activate ________ within that cell.
Target Cells

Genes
Name 2 types of steriod hormones.
Testosterone

Estradiol
The Hypothalamus connects to the ___________ by way of blood vessels called the __________. The hypothalamus sends _________ and release _________ factors to the Anterior Pituitary through these blood vessels.
Anterior Pituitary

Hypophyseal Portal System

Releasing Factors

Inhibiting
The Hypothalamus connects to the ___________ by way of ________. ________ and ________ are produced by the ___________ and sent to the ___________ for storage and release.
Anterior Pituitary Gland

Nerve Fibers

Oxytocin

Antiduretic Hormone

Posterior Pituitary
Which glands are made from Ectoderm?
Hypothalamus

Pineal

Pituitary

Adrenal Medulla
Which glands are made from Mesoderm?
Adrenal Cortex

Ovaries

Testes
What glands are made from Endoderm?
Thyroids

Parathyroids

Pancreas
Corticotroph Cell =
Chromophobe Cell
Somatroph Cell =
Acidophil Cell
Lactotroph Cell =
Acidophil Cell
Thyrotroph Cell =
Basophil Cell
Gonadotroph Cell =
Basophil Cell
Corticotroph targets the ________ and produces what hormone?
Adrenal Cortex

ACTH
Somatotroph targets ________ and produces what hormone?
Liver and Cells of Body

GH and STH
Lactrotroph target __________ and produces what hormone?
Breast

PRL
Thyrotroph targets __________ and produces what hormone?
Thyroid Gland

TSH
Gonadotroph targets ________ and produces what hormone?
Gonads (Ovaries and Testes)

FSH, LH, ICSH
What type of hormones are FSH, LH, and ICSH?
Gonadopropic Hormones
What is the most abundant hormone produced in the anterior pituitary?
Growth Hormone
What promotes mitosis and cellular growth (tissue repair)?
Growth Hormone
GH causes the production of chemicals by the liver called ____________, which is known as ___________.
Somatomedins

IGF-1
__________ target the cells of cartlidge, bone, fat and other tissues and seem to be most improtant for and cartlidge growth.
Somatomedins (IGF-1)
GH also spares ________ and keeps levels up in blood, it increases _____________
and increases ___________
matabolism.
Glucose

Protein Synthesis

Lipid
As aging occurs this hormone declines some?
GH
Stimulates the Adrenal Cortex to release Cortisol?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Stimulates the Thyroids to release Thyroxine?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Stimulates the breast to produce milk. In males it may play a role in testosterone production?
Prolactin
Stimulates the gonads to produce gametes (sex cells) via FSH and produce sex hormones via LH in females and ICSH in males?
Gonadotropic Hormones
Name 3 types of Gamets (sex cells)
Testosterone

Estradial

Progesterone
Gonads produce gametes via _______ to procuce sex cells?
FSH
LH is females or males?
Females
ICSH is females or males?
Males
MSH =
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
Hormone that is most active in the fetus in the Anterior Pituitary Gland?
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
What controls hormones of the anterior pituitary gland?
Releasing Factors
and
Release Inhibiting Factors
Adults have no well-defined intermediate lobe or circulating ___________.
MSH
In other animals ______ may be responisble for the development of hair, skin and feather coloration.
MSH
A network of capillaries in the Hypothalamus that lead to venules that connect to capillaries in the Anterior Pituitary.
Hypophyseal Portal System
What hormones is produced by the hypothalamus?
Oxytocin
Antiduiretic Hormone
AKA Antidiuretic Hormone
Vasopressin
Action of the hypothalamus after oxytocin is produced?
Release of Milk and Uterine Contractions

Increases water absorption at the Kidney Tubules

To stumulate Ant. Pituitary
Too little Oxytocin will cause ?
Diabetes Insipidus
What gland or organ is responsible for storage of OT and ADH ?
Neurohypophysis
GH =
Somatotropic Hormone
Adenhypophysis produces what hormones? (7)
GH
ACTH
TSH
PRL
FSH
LH
ICSH
PRL =
Prolactin
LH =
Luteinizing hormone
FSH =
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Name 3 gonalotropic hormones.
FSH
LH
ICSH
GH releases somatomedin from the ________, and it increases ________ and increases __________.
Liver

Blood Glucose

Protein Synthesis
Hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex?
ACTH
Hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland?
TSH
Hormone that promotes milk production?
Prolactin
Hormone that developes ovarian follicles and sperm in testis?
FSH
Hormone that causes ovulation and formation of corpus luteum?
LH - Luteinizing Hormone
Hormone responsibile for production of testosterone?
Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone
Hormone responsible for maint. of corpus luteum?
HCG
Hormone produced in placenta?
HCG
Name 4 types of hormones that is produced on the placenta?
HCG
Estradiol
Progesterone
HPL
Too little GH causes?
Dwarfism
Too much GH causes?
Giantism
Too much GH can cause what disease?
Simmond's
Too little GH can cause what disease?
Acromegaly
____ is produced in the Anterior Pituitary.
FSH
_____ targets the Ovary causing the development of the follicle.
FSH
What forms around the oocyte?
Follicle Cells
The follicle cells in the maturing follicle are called?
Graafian Follicle
The graffian follicle produces what hormone?
Estradiol
Is one of the primary estrogens?
Estradiol
Increasing levels of ________ cause the Anterior Piruitary to release ________.
Estradiol

LH
_____ targets the mature follicle of the ovary and causes _________ where the oocyte ________ out of the ovary and enters the ________
LH

Ovulation

ruptures

Oviduct
______ also causes the remaining cells of the ruptured follicle to ________ and form the ____________ in the ovary.
Divide

Corpus Luteum
The Corpus Luteum produces _________ and _________ which targets the _______ to prepare it for pregnance.
Estradiol

Progesterone

Uterus
The increase of progesterone _______ the Anterior Pituitary and it will not release _________ and ________.
Inhibits

FSH

LH
If the _______ is fertilized, then the ___________ remains in the ovary and the cycle will not begin.
Oocyte

Corpus Luteum
If the _______ is not fertilized, the _________ deteriorates and the levels of ________ and _________ increase causing a new cycle.
Oocyte

Corpus Luteum

FSH
Day 1 - 5 are called ?
Menses
Day 14 is called?
Ovulation
Day 6 -13 are called?
Preovulation Phase (time may be varied for this phase)
Day 15 - 18 are called?
Postovulatory Phase (time most consistant)
What is the name of the uterine lining that shed during menses?
Endometrium
During ________ the uterine lining (endometrium) is shed (50-150 ml of blood). You have an increase in FSH which causes follicles in ovary to develop.
Menses
During this phase you are developing follicle cells of follicles produce Estradiol. One dominant follicle matures. Increase of estradiol production causes increase of LH, Uterus lining undergoes repair.
Preovulatory Phase
During this phase you have an increased of LH and it causes rupture of the Graffian Follicle and the oocyte is expelled, The Corpus Luteum forms from remaining Graffian Follicle Cells.
Ovulation
During this phase the Corpus Luteum produces estradiol and progesterone which causes blood supply to the uterus. Increased progesterone causes decreased FSH and LH. If pregnant - Corpus Luteum remains active; no repeat of cycle. If not pregnant - Corpus Luteum breaks down. Break down of Corpus Luteum causes decreased prosesterone. Decreased progesterone allows increase of FSH; cycle starts over.
Postovulatory Phase
(Males) ______ produced in the Anterior Pituitary targets the ____________ of the _______ causing the _________ to develop into sperm.
FSH

Seminiferous Tubules

Testes

Spermatogonia
Pre-Sperm cells are called?
Spermatogonia
(MALES) _______ also released by the Anterior pituitary gland, targets the __________ or _________ found in the testes outside the seminiferous tubules. ICSH causes the Leydig cells to produce ___________.
ICSH

Interstitial Cells

Cells of Leydig

Produce Testosterone
What 2 hormones are constantly being released by the Anterior Pituitary?
FSH and ICSH
Sperm develop in the _____________ of the testis. They are stored and mature in the _________. Sperm leaves the _________ through the ___________ and enters the ________ at the ____________.
Seminiferous Tubules

Epididymus

Epididymus

Vas Deferens

Urethra

Ejaculatory Duct
Single doughnut shaped gland below urinary bladder surrounding the urethra.
Prostate Gland
Prostate produces a milky acidic (6.5) fluid which increases sperm ________ and ________.
Motility and Viability
Pair of convoluted pouch like structures at the base of the bladder anterior to the rectum. These glands secrete and alkaline secretion containing ________ and __________. Secretions are important for sperm viability. (60% of Semen)
Seminal Vesicles
AKA Cowper's Gland
Bulbourethral
Paired glands inferior to the prostate. Secretions from this gland are alkaline and rich in mucus. (the secretion protects sperm in the acidic urethra and lubricates the penis during ejaculation_
Cowper's Gland = Bulborethral
The mixture of the secretions from all three accessory glands with the sperm is called?
Semen
_______ is usually a white sticy substance that is slightly alkaline.
Semen
An ejaculation contains an average of 2-5 ml of _______. Which contains 50-150 million sperm per ml. A sperm count of 20 million per ml or less may indicate infertility.
Semen
Which glands are paired?
Parathyroids
Adrenal Gland
Ovary
Testis
Which glands are not paired?
Hypothalamus
Pineal
Pituitary Gland
Pancreas
Which glands come from Ectoderm?
Hypothalamus
Pineal
Pituitary Gland
Which glands come from Endoderm?
Thyroid Gland
Pancreas
What glands - Cranial Cavity?
Hypothalamus
Pineal
Pituitary Gland
What glands - Thoracic Cavity?
Thyroid Glands
Patathyriods
What glands - Abdomen
Pancreas
Adrenal Gland
Parts to the Adrenal Gland?
Cortex - Outer
Medulla - Inner
Do the Adrenal Glands function together?
No
They function separately
AKA Pituitary Gland
Hypophysis
What are the parts of the Pituitary Gland?
Anterior = Adenohypopsis
Posterior = Neurhypopsis
Where are the Thyroid Glands connected?
Isthmus
What links the nervous and endocrine; controls pituitary?
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus - What System?
Nervous
Which gland produces Melatonin?
Pineal Gland
Part of the pituitary gland that controls other endocrine?
Anterior - Adenohypopsis
Part if the pituitary gland not truly endocrine?
Posterior - Neurohypopsis
gland located at the posterior surface of the thyroids?
Parathyroids
Clusters in the Pancreas?
Islets of Langerhans
Gland that regulates blood glucose?
Pancreas
What system - Pancreas
Endocrine and Digestive
Which glands come from mesoderm?
Ovary
Testis
Adrenal Cortex
Which gland is important for calcium balance?
Parathyroid
What gland controls hormone metabolism?
Thyroid Gland
What system - Ovary and Testis?
Reproductive
What gland produces hormones for pregnancy?
Ovary
What gland produces testosterone - male hormone?
Testis
AKA Pineal Gland
Epiphysis Cerebri
AKA Hypophysis
Pituitary Gland
AKA Anterior Pituitary Gland
Adenhypopsis
AKA Posterior Pituitary Gland
Neurohypophysis
AKA Adrenal Glands
Supre Renal Glands
What are duckless and release hormones into the blood?
Endocrine Glands
What 5 things do hormones do?
Releases Chemicals
Small Amounts (potent)
Travel in the blood
Target Specific Tissue
Causes a Specific Reaction
The Hypothalamus is what cell type?
Neurosecretory Cell
OT =
Oxytocin
ADH =
Antidiuretic Hormone
Antidiuretic Hormone =
Vasopressin
MSH =
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
STH =
Somatropic Hormone
GH =
Growth Hormone
IGF1 =
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1
IGF1 is a
Somatomedin
TSH =
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
PRL =
Prolactin
ACTH =
Adrenocotropic Hormone
TSH =
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Prolactin =
Lactogenic Hormone
FSH =
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Gland that produces Oxytocin
Targets Breast and Uterus
Release of Milk & onset of labor
Neurosecretory Cell?
Hypothalamus
Gland that produces ADH
Targets the Kidneys
Increased water absorption
Hypothalamus
2 functions of the hypothalamus?
Produces OT and ADH
Intermediate Lobe of Pituitary Gland =
Pars Intermedia
What gland is Chromophobe
Targets the Epidermal Melanocytes of fetus
Increased pigmentation
Intermediate Lobe of Pituitary
What hormone does the Intermediate Lobe of Pituitary produce?
MSH = Melanocyte Stim. H.
What gland produces GH and STH?
Anterior Pituitary
What gland stimulates Somatomedins?
Anterior Pituitary
Cell type - Liver
Hepatic Cells
A somatomedin IGF1 - production gland
Liver
IGF 1 targets?
Epiphyseal Plate of Bones
Oxytocin targets?
Breast and Uterus
Antidiuretic Hormone targets?
Kidney Tubules
Melanocyte Stim. H. targets?
Epidermal
Melanocytes of fetus
Growth Hormone and Somatotropic target?
Liver and cells of the body
Adrenocorticotropic H. targets?
Adrenal Cortex
Thyroid Stim. H. targets?
Thyroid Glands
Prolactin targets ?
Breast - Mammary Glands
Lactogenic H. targets?
Breast - Mammary Glands
Follicle Stim. H. targets?
Ovaries and Testes
Hypothalamus produces what hormone?
Oxytocin and Antidiuretic H.
Intermediate Lobe of Pituitary produces what hormone?
Melanocyte Stim. H.
Anterior Pituitary produces what kinds of hormone?
GH
STH
ACTH
TSH
PRL
FSH
Hormone that stimulates cartlidge growth?
IGF1
Action of Oxytocin?
release of milk and oneset of labor
Action of ADH?
Increased water absorption
Action of MSH?
Increased pigmentation
Action of GH & STH
Increased blood glucose and stimulate somatomedins.
Action of ACTH?
Stimulate release of Cortisol
Action of PRL and Lactogenic Hormone
Stimulate milk production
Action of FSH
Development of Ovarian Follicle (Gamete) Development of Sperm
LH =
Luteininzing Hormone
ICSH =
Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone
HCG
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
HPL=
Human Placental Lactogen
What gland produces LH
Anterior Pituitary Gland
What gland produces ICSH
Anterior Pituitary Gland
What produces HCG?
Placenta
What produces Estradiol?
Placenta and the Ovary
What produces HPL?
Placenta
What produces Testosterone?
Testis
`Anterior Pituitary Gland is what type of cell?
Chromophil - Basophil
or Gonadotroph
HCG is also produces by what?
Fertilized Egg
What cell type - Ovary & Placenta?
Ovary - Follicle Cells
What type of cell Testes?
Interstitial Cells
LH targets?
Ovarian Follicles
Graffian Follicles
ICSH targets?
Interstitial Cells of Testis or Cells of Leydig
Gonadotropic H. targets?
Ovarian Follicles
Graffian Follicles (Females)

Interstitial Cells of Testis or Cells of Leydig (Males)
Estradiol targets?
Breast
and
Uterus
Progesterone targets?
Uterus and Placenta
HPL targets?
Breast
Testosterone targets?
Muscle
and
Bone
Interstitial Cells =
Cells of Leydig
Action of LH
Ovulation and formation of Corpus Luteum which produces Estradiol and Progesterone
The Corpus Luteum produces what hormones?
Estradiol
and
Progesterone
Action of ICSH
Stimulate production of Testosterone
Action of HCG
Causes Corpus Luteum to remain active.
Action of Progesterone?
Stimulates development of Placenta and maintains Uterine Lining.
Action of HPL?
Promotes growth of breast tissue.
Action of Testosterone?
Promotes male sex characteristics

Thickens Bone

Increases Muscle Mass
What systems - Hypothalamus?
Nervous and Endocrine
AKA Pituitary glands
Hypophysis
AKA Anterior Pituitary Gland
Adenohypophysis
AKA Posterior Pituitary Gland
Neurohypophysis
What part of the Pituitary gland does not produce hormones?
Posterior Pituitary or Neurohypophysis
What part of the Pituitary Gland stores hormones from the Hypothalamus?
Posterior Gland
AKA Pineal Gland
Epiphysis Cerebri
What does melatonin do?
Induces sleep
Where are Thyroid Glands located?
Below Larynx
Which gland produces Thyroxine and raises metabolic rate?
Thyroid Gland
What does the Thyroid glands produce?
Thyroxine
How many Parathyroids?
2 Pair - 4 total
What gland controls Ca+ homeostasis?
Parathyroid Glands
Two gland in one?
Pancreas
What system - Pancreas?
Digestive and Endocrine System
AKA Adrenal Gland?
Supra Renal Glands
The Adreanl Cortex does what?
Produces Steriods
The Medulla does what?
Produces Protein Hormones
Gonads are?
Sex Glands
Gonads produce?
Steriod Sex Hormones
What systems - Gonads
Reproductive and Endocrine Systmes
Sex Cell =
Gametes
Def. of hormone
Workhorse for Endocrine
List 3 Functions of the Endocrine System?
Regulate Homeostasis (balance)

Regulate Growth and Development (repair)

Regulate Body Activities
List 3 Actions Hormones have on target tissues.
Activate enzymes in target cells

Alter target cell Permeability

Activate production of proteins coded in DNA (genes)
Direct Nerve Path
Hypothalamus ->Sympathetic Nerve -> Adrenal Medulla, Adrenal Medulla releases Ephinephrine H.
Postive Feedback (stimulus)
Sucking Stimulus -> Breast ->
Hypothalamus ->OT -> Breast -> Milk Release
Negative Feedback (most hormones are controlled this way)
Problem -> Detection -> hormone released -> Solves Problems -> Hormone Stops being Released.
Name 3 controls on Hormone Production?
Direct Nerve Pathway
Positive Feedback
Negative Feedback
(designed to keep you in working order)
Do protein hormones enter the target cells?
No
Hormones end in? Give an example?
in
on
hormone

Example:
Insulin
Glucagon
Parahormone
They bond to a surface receptor on target cells?
Protein Like Hormones
Most hormones are these?
Protein-like hormones
They are not a lipid soluble hormone?
Protein-like hormones
They have a External Messenger
Protein-like hormones
1. The hormone (primary messenger) bonding to the cell receptor activates _________ in the cell membrane
G-portein
2. G-protein activates the enzyme _________
Adenylate Cyclase
3. ATP ->conversion to->________ which is the second internal messenger.
cAMP
ATP=
Adenosine Triphosphate (energy molecule)
cAMP =
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (second internal messenger)
Most enzymes end in?
ase
Steriod hormones are made from?
Cholesterol
What glands produce Steriod Hormones?
Gonads and Adrenal Cortex
They are a lipid soluble hormone?
Steriod Hormone
Do Steriod Hormones enter the target tissues?
YES
Inside the target cell the Steroid H. bonds to a _________ -> Enter the ________ of the target cell -> Activate "genes" of ______ -> ___________ activates the cell.
Receptor

Nucleus

DNA

Protein Synthesis
T3 and T4 are ? and they work like __________.
Thyroid Hormones

Steroid Hormones
1, Hypothalamus - Control the Adrenal Medulla (via sympathetic nerve connection)
Hypothalamus -> Sympathetic Nerve -> Adrenal Medulla, which releases Epinephrine(adrenalin)
2, Hypothalamus - Control the Antierior Pituitary Gland by releasing ____________ and release ___________
Hormones (factors)

Inhibiting Hormone (factors)
3. The Hypothalamus produces 2 specific hormones called what?
OT and ADH
AKA Antidiuretic
Vasopressin
Clinical form pitoein?
OT - Oxytocin
It is produced by Neurosecretory cell of Hypothalamus
OT
________ is controlled by postive feedback?
Protein H.
Where is OT stored at?
Posterior Pituitary
OT targets?
Brain
Uterus
Breast
Action of OT
1. @ the brain, it stimulates nature/bonding (pleasure)
2. @ the Breast (smooth muscle) sucking stimulus causes OT to cause breast to release milk (letdown)
3. @ the Uterus, (smooth muscle) causes the onset of labor (stimulates dilation.softening of cervix)
ADH causes?
Water loss
High levels of ADH causes?
Vascular Contractions (high BP)
It's produced by neuroseretory cells of Hypothalamus?
ADH
It's stored in the Posterior Pituitary?
ADH
Protein hormone controlled by negative feedback?
ADH
ADH targets? (3)
Kidneys
Sweat Glands
(somtimes blood vessels)
@ the ________ ADH targets the _______ and increases water absorption. This causes ________ and _________
Kidneys

Tubules

Rehydration

Higher BP
@ the ________ ADH prevents water loss via sweating.
Sweatglands
@ the blood vessels excessive levels of ______ causes vasoconstriction (high BP)
ADH
Vasoconstrictor =
High BP
Factor that inhibits ADH?
Alcohol causes you to over produce ATH
Stimuli to produce ADH
dehydration
stress
pain
anxiety
nicotine
drugs (morphine)
Too much ADH causes? and causes? Treatment?
Hypersecretion of ADH
High BP (Hypertension)
Duiretics
Too little ADH causes? Which causes?
Diabetes Insipidus

Excessive Urine Loss
High Urine Output
Anterior Pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus by the?
Hypophyseal Portal System
Did Chromophobe Cells Stain?
NO
Did Chromophil Cells Stain?
YES
Name two types of Chromophil Cells?
Acidophil (lighter)
Basophil (very dark)
Name 5 Pituitary cell names based on target?
Corticotroph Cell
Thyrotroph Cell
Somatotroph Cell
Lactrotroph Cell
Gonadotroph Cell
Cell that produces a hormone that targets the Adrenal Cortex?
Corticotroph Cell
Cell that produces a hormone that targets the Thyroids?
Thyroproph Cell
Cell that produces a hormone that targets the liver, muscle and cartlidge of the body?
Somatotroph Cell
Cell that produces a hormone that targets the breast?
Lactrotroph
AKA Prolactin
Lactogenic Hormone
AKA Lactogenic Hormone
Mammotropin
Cell that produces hormones that target the gonads?
Gonadotroph Cell
Old cell name for Gonadotroph?
Basophil Cell
Old name for Lactrotroph Cell?
Acidophil Cell
Old cell name for Thyrotroph Cell?
Basophil Cell
Old name for Corticotroph Cell?
Chromophobe
AKA Thyroid Stim. Hormone?
Thyrotropin
Hormones Anterior Pituitary? (7)
GH
ACTH
PRL
TSH
FSH (reproductive)
LH "
ICSH "
ACTH =
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
ACTH targets ?
Adrenal Cortex
ACTH action?
Causes release of cortisol
ACTH in hig levels can cause?
bronzing of skin
MSH=
Melonocyte Stim. H.
This hormone is mostly a fetal hormone?
MSH
Chromophobe cells produce what hormone?
MSH
MSH targets?
Melanocytes in skin, eyes, and hair.
Action of MSH?
Turn on Melanin produced
TSH =
Thyroid Stim. Hormone
AKA Thyroid Stim. Hormone
Thyrotropin Hormone
TSH targets?
Thyroids
Action of TSH?
cause thyroids to release Thyroxine.
GH is also called?
Somatotropic Hormone
GH or STH targets?
Muscles
Liver
Bone
Cartlidge
GH and STH Actions?
Promotes healing
Raises protein systhesis
Raises Blood Glucose (Fuel)
Promotes growth
GH targets the liver and causes the release of _________ like _______.
Somatomedins

IGF1
Hyposecretions =
Too little GH
Too little GH Early Child is ? Adult?
Dwarfism

Simmons Disease (poor tissues, poor healing, "progeria" early aging.
Hypersecretions =
Too much GH
Too much GH Early Fetus/child? Adult?
Giantism
Acromegly
Raises cartlidge (big nose, big ears) Elongated head, raises blood glucose (diabetes Mellitus)
AKA prolactin
Lactogenic Hormone
Normally ______ is inhibited by hypothalamus (dopamine)
PRL
PRL targets?
Breast
Testis
When your sex hormones _________ are up/high _______ is inhibited.
Estradiol

PRL
At the end of the monthly cycle is called ___________, your estradiol levels _______. _______ levels rise which causes breast tenderness.
Premenstral Time
Drop
???
If you are pregnant your Estradil is _______ and PRL is _______.
up/high

lowered
After giving birth and you pass the "afterbirth" your Estradiol level _________ and PRL goes _________, then you start making milk.
Drops

Lowers
Hormone that targets the gonads?
Gonadotropic Hormone
FSH does what?
Prepl. sex cells - Gametes
LH does what?
Produces sex hormones
ICSH does what?
Produces sex hormones
_______ will cause the mature follicle to break off
LH
Ovulation is when the __________ ruputures. Release of ________ and fluid, formation of _________ produces sex hormones ________ and _________. Which prep the body for possible pregnancy.
Graffian Follicle

Oocyte

Corpus Luteum

Estradiol and Progesterone
_________ will target the breast and raise breast tissue.
Estradiol
__________ also promotes development of Placenta.
Progesterone
If you are not Pregnant the __________ breaks off, _________ and _________ levels drop and _________ can start again.
Corpus Luteum

Estradiol and Progesterone

FSH
HCG =
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
______ goes to the ovary and keeps the Corpus Luteum working.
HCG
With in ____ days HCH can be detected.
7
________ becomes an embryo and goes to the uterine wall (starts the formation of Placenta) (progesterone)
Zygote
Placenta (part embryo and part uterus) produces __________, __________, ___________, and ___________.
Estriadiol
Progesterone
HCG
HPL
HPL =
Human placenta Lactogen
Thelarche =
Breast (estradiol)
Pubarche =
Hair (pubic, axillary) (testosterone)
Menarche =
Start of Menstruation
Name 3 thing that can affect menstral cycle?
Diet
Other Hormones
Body Fat
You must have 7-22% body fat to start?
menstral cycle
End of Menstruation for 1 year =
Menopause
Name some affects Menapause can have?
Decreased Sex Hormones
Risk of Osteoporosis Raises
Density of Breast
Skin thins and less vascular
skin will dry
What causes hot flashes?
FSH increase
How many day is average for the menstral cycle?
28 days
Day 1-5 is called ? What happens?
Menses - menstral phase
She uterine lining (functionalis)
Day 6-13 is called ? What happens?
Preovalutory phase
FSH Rises
Development of follicles
Estradiol Raises
LH is released
Mid-Cycle 14 days is called? What happens?
Ovulation Phase
Ovulation due to release of LH
15 - 26 day is called what? What happens?
Postovulatory Phase
Estradiol & ProgesteroneRaises
Corpus Luteum
FSH and LH lowers
Stays this way if pregnant
No fertilization
Estradiol & progesterone lowers
27-28 days is called what and what happens?
Premenstral Phase
Moody/pain
oxygen lowers
vascularity lowers
PRL rises (breast tenderness)
What causes the spermtagonial cell to divide and make sperm?
FSH
Sperm travels to the ________ -> ___________ -> ___________ -> ___________ -> dump at prostate gland into the ejaculatory duct into the urethra and passes out the body in the ___________.
Testis
Seminiferous Tubules
Epidymus
Vas Deferns
Urogenital Orifice
end of penis =
Urogenital Ofifice
Testosterone is a _________ hormone. Major _____ hormone, and produced by ____________ cells.
Steroid
Sex
Interstitial Cell (Leydig Cells)
Characteristics of Testosterone?
Sets up male anatomy (penis and Scrotum)
Builds muscle
denser bones
facial hair
chest hair
deeper voice
Libido
Too much testosterone can cause?
Acne
Moody (Rage)
Baldness