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368 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Functions of the endocrine system?
|
Control/Regulate Body Activities
Control/Regulate Growth and Development Control/Regulate Homeostasis |
|
Actions of the endocrine system?
|
Alter Cell Permeability
Activate Enzymes Activate Genes |
|
Controls of the endocrine system?
|
Direct Nerve Pathway - Adrenal Medulla
Positive Feedback - Oxytocin Negative Feedback - Most Hormones |
|
Protein-like hormones have names that end with ?
|
In, On, or Hormone
|
|
Protein-like hormones typically do not enter the ____________, but instead bind with a surface protein on the cell which activates ________ in the cell membrane. The __________ is camp = ________ made from ______ by the enzyme ________ which was activated by G-Protein.
|
Target Cells
G-Protein Internal Messenger Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ATP Adenylate Cyclase |
|
Name 3 hormones that is activated by G-Protein
|
Insulin
Glucagon Growth Hormone |
|
What are steriod hormones made from?
|
Cholesterol
|
|
Steriod Hormones end in what?
|
Ol or One
|
|
Steriod Hormones enter the ___________ and activate ________ within that cell.
|
Target Cells
Genes |
|
Name 2 types of steriod hormones.
|
Testosterone
Estradiol |
|
The Hypothalamus connects to the ___________ by way of blood vessels called the __________. The hypothalamus sends _________ and release _________ factors to the Anterior Pituitary through these blood vessels.
|
Anterior Pituitary
Hypophyseal Portal System Releasing Factors Inhibiting |
|
The Hypothalamus connects to the ___________ by way of ________. ________ and ________ are produced by the ___________ and sent to the ___________ for storage and release.
|
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Nerve Fibers Oxytocin Antiduretic Hormone Posterior Pituitary |
|
Which glands are made from Ectoderm?
|
Hypothalamus
Pineal Pituitary Adrenal Medulla |
|
Which glands are made from Mesoderm?
|
Adrenal Cortex
Ovaries Testes |
|
What glands are made from Endoderm?
|
Thyroids
Parathyroids Pancreas |
|
Corticotroph Cell =
|
Chromophobe Cell
|
|
Somatroph Cell =
|
Acidophil Cell
|
|
Lactotroph Cell =
|
Acidophil Cell
|
|
Thyrotroph Cell =
|
Basophil Cell
|
|
Gonadotroph Cell =
|
Basophil Cell
|
|
Corticotroph targets the ________ and produces what hormone?
|
Adrenal Cortex
ACTH |
|
Somatotroph targets ________ and produces what hormone?
|
Liver and Cells of Body
GH and STH |
|
Lactrotroph target __________ and produces what hormone?
|
Breast
PRL |
|
Thyrotroph targets __________ and produces what hormone?
|
Thyroid Gland
TSH |
|
Gonadotroph targets ________ and produces what hormone?
|
Gonads (Ovaries and Testes)
FSH, LH, ICSH |
|
What type of hormones are FSH, LH, and ICSH?
|
Gonadopropic Hormones
|
|
What is the most abundant hormone produced in the anterior pituitary?
|
Growth Hormone
|
|
What promotes mitosis and cellular growth (tissue repair)?
|
Growth Hormone
|
|
GH causes the production of chemicals by the liver called ____________, which is known as ___________.
|
Somatomedins
IGF-1 |
|
__________ target the cells of cartlidge, bone, fat and other tissues and seem to be most improtant for and cartlidge growth.
|
Somatomedins (IGF-1)
|
|
GH also spares ________ and keeps levels up in blood, it increases _____________
and increases ___________ matabolism. |
Glucose
Protein Synthesis Lipid |
|
As aging occurs this hormone declines some?
|
GH
|
|
Stimulates the Adrenal Cortex to release Cortisol?
|
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
|
|
Stimulates the Thyroids to release Thyroxine?
|
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
|
|
Stimulates the breast to produce milk. In males it may play a role in testosterone production?
|
Prolactin
|
|
Stimulates the gonads to produce gametes (sex cells) via FSH and produce sex hormones via LH in females and ICSH in males?
|
Gonadotropic Hormones
|
|
Name 3 types of Gamets (sex cells)
|
Testosterone
Estradial Progesterone |
|
Gonads produce gametes via _______ to procuce sex cells?
|
FSH
|
|
LH is females or males?
|
Females
|
|
ICSH is females or males?
|
Males
|
|
MSH =
|
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
|
|
Hormone that is most active in the fetus in the Anterior Pituitary Gland?
|
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
|
|
What controls hormones of the anterior pituitary gland?
|
Releasing Factors
and Release Inhibiting Factors |
|
Adults have no well-defined intermediate lobe or circulating ___________.
|
MSH
|
|
In other animals ______ may be responisble for the development of hair, skin and feather coloration.
|
MSH
|
|
A network of capillaries in the Hypothalamus that lead to venules that connect to capillaries in the Anterior Pituitary.
|
Hypophyseal Portal System
|
|
What hormones is produced by the hypothalamus?
|
Oxytocin
Antiduiretic Hormone |
|
AKA Antidiuretic Hormone
|
Vasopressin
|
|
Action of the hypothalamus after oxytocin is produced?
|
Release of Milk and Uterine Contractions
Increases water absorption at the Kidney Tubules To stumulate Ant. Pituitary |
|
Too little Oxytocin will cause ?
|
Diabetes Insipidus
|
|
What gland or organ is responsible for storage of OT and ADH ?
|
Neurohypophysis
|
|
GH =
|
Somatotropic Hormone
|
|
Adenhypophysis produces what hormones? (7)
|
GH
ACTH TSH PRL FSH LH ICSH |
|
PRL =
|
Prolactin
|
|
LH =
|
Luteinizing hormone
|
|
FSH =
|
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
|
|
Name 3 gonalotropic hormones.
|
FSH
LH ICSH |
|
GH releases somatomedin from the ________, and it increases ________ and increases __________.
|
Liver
Blood Glucose Protein Synthesis |
|
Hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex?
|
ACTH
|
|
Hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland?
|
TSH
|
|
Hormone that promotes milk production?
|
Prolactin
|
|
Hormone that developes ovarian follicles and sperm in testis?
|
FSH
|
|
Hormone that causes ovulation and formation of corpus luteum?
|
LH - Luteinizing Hormone
|
|
Hormone responsibile for production of testosterone?
|
Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone
|
|
Hormone responsible for maint. of corpus luteum?
|
HCG
|
|
Hormone produced in placenta?
|
HCG
|
|
Name 4 types of hormones that is produced on the placenta?
|
HCG
Estradiol Progesterone HPL |
|
Too little GH causes?
|
Dwarfism
|
|
Too much GH causes?
|
Giantism
|
|
Too much GH can cause what disease?
|
Simmond's
|
|
Too little GH can cause what disease?
|
Acromegaly
|
|
____ is produced in the Anterior Pituitary.
|
FSH
|
|
_____ targets the Ovary causing the development of the follicle.
|
FSH
|
|
What forms around the oocyte?
|
Follicle Cells
|
|
The follicle cells in the maturing follicle are called?
|
Graafian Follicle
|
|
The graffian follicle produces what hormone?
|
Estradiol
|
|
Is one of the primary estrogens?
|
Estradiol
|
|
Increasing levels of ________ cause the Anterior Piruitary to release ________.
|
Estradiol
LH |
|
_____ targets the mature follicle of the ovary and causes _________ where the oocyte ________ out of the ovary and enters the ________
|
LH
Ovulation ruptures Oviduct |
|
______ also causes the remaining cells of the ruptured follicle to ________ and form the ____________ in the ovary.
|
Divide
Corpus Luteum |
|
The Corpus Luteum produces _________ and _________ which targets the _______ to prepare it for pregnance.
|
Estradiol
Progesterone Uterus |
|
The increase of progesterone _______ the Anterior Pituitary and it will not release _________ and ________.
|
Inhibits
FSH LH |
|
If the _______ is fertilized, then the ___________ remains in the ovary and the cycle will not begin.
|
Oocyte
Corpus Luteum |
|
If the _______ is not fertilized, the _________ deteriorates and the levels of ________ and _________ increase causing a new cycle.
|
Oocyte
Corpus Luteum FSH |
|
Day 1 - 5 are called ?
|
Menses
|
|
Day 14 is called?
|
Ovulation
|
|
Day 6 -13 are called?
|
Preovulation Phase (time may be varied for this phase)
|
|
Day 15 - 18 are called?
|
Postovulatory Phase (time most consistant)
|
|
What is the name of the uterine lining that shed during menses?
|
Endometrium
|
|
During ________ the uterine lining (endometrium) is shed (50-150 ml of blood). You have an increase in FSH which causes follicles in ovary to develop.
|
Menses
|
|
During this phase you are developing follicle cells of follicles produce Estradiol. One dominant follicle matures. Increase of estradiol production causes increase of LH, Uterus lining undergoes repair.
|
Preovulatory Phase
|
|
During this phase you have an increased of LH and it causes rupture of the Graffian Follicle and the oocyte is expelled, The Corpus Luteum forms from remaining Graffian Follicle Cells.
|
Ovulation
|
|
During this phase the Corpus Luteum produces estradiol and progesterone which causes blood supply to the uterus. Increased progesterone causes decreased FSH and LH. If pregnant - Corpus Luteum remains active; no repeat of cycle. If not pregnant - Corpus Luteum breaks down. Break down of Corpus Luteum causes decreased prosesterone. Decreased progesterone allows increase of FSH; cycle starts over.
|
Postovulatory Phase
|
|
(Males) ______ produced in the Anterior Pituitary targets the ____________ of the _______ causing the _________ to develop into sperm.
|
FSH
Seminiferous Tubules Testes Spermatogonia |
|
Pre-Sperm cells are called?
|
Spermatogonia
|
|
(MALES) _______ also released by the Anterior pituitary gland, targets the __________ or _________ found in the testes outside the seminiferous tubules. ICSH causes the Leydig cells to produce ___________.
|
ICSH
Interstitial Cells Cells of Leydig Produce Testosterone |
|
What 2 hormones are constantly being released by the Anterior Pituitary?
|
FSH and ICSH
|
|
Sperm develop in the _____________ of the testis. They are stored and mature in the _________. Sperm leaves the _________ through the ___________ and enters the ________ at the ____________.
|
Seminiferous Tubules
Epididymus Epididymus Vas Deferens Urethra Ejaculatory Duct |
|
Single doughnut shaped gland below urinary bladder surrounding the urethra.
|
Prostate Gland
|
|
Prostate produces a milky acidic (6.5) fluid which increases sperm ________ and ________.
|
Motility and Viability
|
|
Pair of convoluted pouch like structures at the base of the bladder anterior to the rectum. These glands secrete and alkaline secretion containing ________ and __________. Secretions are important for sperm viability. (60% of Semen)
|
Seminal Vesicles
|
|
AKA Cowper's Gland
|
Bulbourethral
|
|
Paired glands inferior to the prostate. Secretions from this gland are alkaline and rich in mucus. (the secretion protects sperm in the acidic urethra and lubricates the penis during ejaculation_
|
Cowper's Gland = Bulborethral
|
|
The mixture of the secretions from all three accessory glands with the sperm is called?
|
Semen
|
|
_______ is usually a white sticy substance that is slightly alkaline.
|
Semen
|
|
An ejaculation contains an average of 2-5 ml of _______. Which contains 50-150 million sperm per ml. A sperm count of 20 million per ml or less may indicate infertility.
|
Semen
|
|
Which glands are paired?
|
Parathyroids
Adrenal Gland Ovary Testis |
|
Which glands are not paired?
|
Hypothalamus
Pineal Pituitary Gland Pancreas |
|
Which glands come from Ectoderm?
|
Hypothalamus
Pineal Pituitary Gland |
|
Which glands come from Endoderm?
|
Thyroid Gland
Pancreas |
|
What glands - Cranial Cavity?
|
Hypothalamus
Pineal Pituitary Gland |
|
What glands - Thoracic Cavity?
|
Thyroid Glands
Patathyriods |
|
What glands - Abdomen
|
Pancreas
Adrenal Gland |
|
Parts to the Adrenal Gland?
|
Cortex - Outer
Medulla - Inner |
|
Do the Adrenal Glands function together?
|
No
They function separately |
|
AKA Pituitary Gland
|
Hypophysis
|
|
What are the parts of the Pituitary Gland?
|
Anterior = Adenohypopsis
Posterior = Neurhypopsis |
|
Where are the Thyroid Glands connected?
|
Isthmus
|
|
What links the nervous and endocrine; controls pituitary?
|
Hypothalamus
|
|
Hypothalamus - What System?
|
Nervous
|
|
Which gland produces Melatonin?
|
Pineal Gland
|
|
Part of the pituitary gland that controls other endocrine?
|
Anterior - Adenohypopsis
|
|
Part if the pituitary gland not truly endocrine?
|
Posterior - Neurohypopsis
|
|
gland located at the posterior surface of the thyroids?
|
Parathyroids
|
|
Clusters in the Pancreas?
|
Islets of Langerhans
|
|
Gland that regulates blood glucose?
|
Pancreas
|
|
What system - Pancreas
|
Endocrine and Digestive
|
|
Which glands come from mesoderm?
|
Ovary
Testis Adrenal Cortex |
|
Which gland is important for calcium balance?
|
Parathyroid
|
|
What gland controls hormone metabolism?
|
Thyroid Gland
|
|
What system - Ovary and Testis?
|
Reproductive
|
|
What gland produces hormones for pregnancy?
|
Ovary
|
|
What gland produces testosterone - male hormone?
|
Testis
|
|
AKA Pineal Gland
|
Epiphysis Cerebri
|
|
AKA Hypophysis
|
Pituitary Gland
|
|
AKA Anterior Pituitary Gland
|
Adenhypopsis
|
|
AKA Posterior Pituitary Gland
|
Neurohypophysis
|
|
AKA Adrenal Glands
|
Supre Renal Glands
|
|
What are duckless and release hormones into the blood?
|
Endocrine Glands
|
|
What 5 things do hormones do?
|
Releases Chemicals
Small Amounts (potent) Travel in the blood Target Specific Tissue Causes a Specific Reaction |
|
The Hypothalamus is what cell type?
|
Neurosecretory Cell
|
|
OT =
|
Oxytocin
|
|
ADH =
|
Antidiuretic Hormone
|
|
Antidiuretic Hormone =
|
Vasopressin
|
|
MSH =
|
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
|
|
STH =
|
Somatropic Hormone
|
|
GH =
|
Growth Hormone
|
|
IGF1 =
|
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1
|
|
IGF1 is a
|
Somatomedin
|
|
TSH =
|
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
|
|
PRL =
|
Prolactin
|
|
ACTH =
|
Adrenocotropic Hormone
|
|
TSH =
|
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
|
|
Prolactin =
|
Lactogenic Hormone
|
|
FSH =
|
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
|
|
Gland that produces Oxytocin
Targets Breast and Uterus Release of Milk & onset of labor Neurosecretory Cell? |
Hypothalamus
|
|
Gland that produces ADH
Targets the Kidneys Increased water absorption |
Hypothalamus
|
|
2 functions of the hypothalamus?
|
Produces OT and ADH
|
|
Intermediate Lobe of Pituitary Gland =
|
Pars Intermedia
|
|
What gland is Chromophobe
Targets the Epidermal Melanocytes of fetus Increased pigmentation |
Intermediate Lobe of Pituitary
|
|
What hormone does the Intermediate Lobe of Pituitary produce?
|
MSH = Melanocyte Stim. H.
|
|
What gland produces GH and STH?
|
Anterior Pituitary
|
|
What gland stimulates Somatomedins?
|
Anterior Pituitary
|
|
Cell type - Liver
|
Hepatic Cells
|
|
A somatomedin IGF1 - production gland
|
Liver
|
|
IGF 1 targets?
|
Epiphyseal Plate of Bones
|
|
Oxytocin targets?
|
Breast and Uterus
|
|
Antidiuretic Hormone targets?
|
Kidney Tubules
|
|
Melanocyte Stim. H. targets?
|
Epidermal
Melanocytes of fetus |
|
Growth Hormone and Somatotropic target?
|
Liver and cells of the body
|
|
Adrenocorticotropic H. targets?
|
Adrenal Cortex
|
|
Thyroid Stim. H. targets?
|
Thyroid Glands
|
|
Prolactin targets ?
|
Breast - Mammary Glands
|
|
Lactogenic H. targets?
|
Breast - Mammary Glands
|
|
Follicle Stim. H. targets?
|
Ovaries and Testes
|
|
Hypothalamus produces what hormone?
|
Oxytocin and Antidiuretic H.
|
|
Intermediate Lobe of Pituitary produces what hormone?
|
Melanocyte Stim. H.
|
|
Anterior Pituitary produces what kinds of hormone?
|
GH
STH ACTH TSH PRL FSH |
|
Hormone that stimulates cartlidge growth?
|
IGF1
|
|
Action of Oxytocin?
|
release of milk and oneset of labor
|
|
Action of ADH?
|
Increased water absorption
|
|
Action of MSH?
|
Increased pigmentation
|
|
Action of GH & STH
|
Increased blood glucose and stimulate somatomedins.
|
|
Action of ACTH?
|
Stimulate release of Cortisol
|
|
Action of PRL and Lactogenic Hormone
|
Stimulate milk production
|
|
Action of FSH
|
Development of Ovarian Follicle (Gamete) Development of Sperm
|
|
LH =
|
Luteininzing Hormone
|
|
ICSH =
|
Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone
|
|
HCG
|
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
|
|
HPL=
|
Human Placental Lactogen
|
|
What gland produces LH
|
Anterior Pituitary Gland
|
|
What gland produces ICSH
|
Anterior Pituitary Gland
|
|
What produces HCG?
|
Placenta
|
|
What produces Estradiol?
|
Placenta and the Ovary
|
|
What produces HPL?
|
Placenta
|
|
What produces Testosterone?
|
Testis
|
|
`Anterior Pituitary Gland is what type of cell?
|
Chromophil - Basophil
or Gonadotroph |
|
HCG is also produces by what?
|
Fertilized Egg
|
|
What cell type - Ovary & Placenta?
|
Ovary - Follicle Cells
|
|
What type of cell Testes?
|
Interstitial Cells
|
|
LH targets?
|
Ovarian Follicles
Graffian Follicles |
|
ICSH targets?
|
Interstitial Cells of Testis or Cells of Leydig
|
|
Gonadotropic H. targets?
|
Ovarian Follicles
Graffian Follicles (Females) Interstitial Cells of Testis or Cells of Leydig (Males) |
|
Estradiol targets?
|
Breast
and Uterus |
|
Progesterone targets?
|
Uterus and Placenta
|
|
HPL targets?
|
Breast
|
|
Testosterone targets?
|
Muscle
and Bone |
|
Interstitial Cells =
|
Cells of Leydig
|
|
Action of LH
|
Ovulation and formation of Corpus Luteum which produces Estradiol and Progesterone
|
|
The Corpus Luteum produces what hormones?
|
Estradiol
and Progesterone |
|
Action of ICSH
|
Stimulate production of Testosterone
|
|
Action of HCG
|
Causes Corpus Luteum to remain active.
|
|
Action of Progesterone?
|
Stimulates development of Placenta and maintains Uterine Lining.
|
|
Action of HPL?
|
Promotes growth of breast tissue.
|
|
Action of Testosterone?
|
Promotes male sex characteristics
Thickens Bone Increases Muscle Mass |
|
What systems - Hypothalamus?
|
Nervous and Endocrine
|
|
AKA Pituitary glands
|
Hypophysis
|
|
AKA Anterior Pituitary Gland
|
Adenohypophysis
|
|
AKA Posterior Pituitary Gland
|
Neurohypophysis
|
|
What part of the Pituitary gland does not produce hormones?
|
Posterior Pituitary or Neurohypophysis
|
|
What part of the Pituitary Gland stores hormones from the Hypothalamus?
|
Posterior Gland
|
|
AKA Pineal Gland
|
Epiphysis Cerebri
|
|
What does melatonin do?
|
Induces sleep
|
|
Where are Thyroid Glands located?
|
Below Larynx
|
|
Which gland produces Thyroxine and raises metabolic rate?
|
Thyroid Gland
|
|
What does the Thyroid glands produce?
|
Thyroxine
|
|
How many Parathyroids?
|
2 Pair - 4 total
|
|
What gland controls Ca+ homeostasis?
|
Parathyroid Glands
|
|
Two gland in one?
|
Pancreas
|
|
What system - Pancreas?
|
Digestive and Endocrine System
|
|
AKA Adrenal Gland?
|
Supra Renal Glands
|
|
The Adreanl Cortex does what?
|
Produces Steriods
|
|
The Medulla does what?
|
Produces Protein Hormones
|
|
Gonads are?
|
Sex Glands
|
|
Gonads produce?
|
Steriod Sex Hormones
|
|
What systems - Gonads
|
Reproductive and Endocrine Systmes
|
|
Sex Cell =
|
Gametes
|
|
Def. of hormone
|
Workhorse for Endocrine
|
|
List 3 Functions of the Endocrine System?
|
Regulate Homeostasis (balance)
Regulate Growth and Development (repair) Regulate Body Activities |
|
List 3 Actions Hormones have on target tissues.
|
Activate enzymes in target cells
Alter target cell Permeability Activate production of proteins coded in DNA (genes) |
|
Direct Nerve Path
|
Hypothalamus ->Sympathetic Nerve -> Adrenal Medulla, Adrenal Medulla releases Ephinephrine H.
|
|
Postive Feedback (stimulus)
|
Sucking Stimulus -> Breast ->
Hypothalamus ->OT -> Breast -> Milk Release |
|
Negative Feedback (most hormones are controlled this way)
|
Problem -> Detection -> hormone released -> Solves Problems -> Hormone Stops being Released.
|
|
Name 3 controls on Hormone Production?
|
Direct Nerve Pathway
Positive Feedback Negative Feedback (designed to keep you in working order) |
|
Do protein hormones enter the target cells?
|
No
|
|
Hormones end in? Give an example?
|
in
on hormone Example: Insulin Glucagon Parahormone |
|
They bond to a surface receptor on target cells?
|
Protein Like Hormones
|
|
Most hormones are these?
|
Protein-like hormones
|
|
They are not a lipid soluble hormone?
|
Protein-like hormones
|
|
They have a External Messenger
|
Protein-like hormones
|
|
1. The hormone (primary messenger) bonding to the cell receptor activates _________ in the cell membrane
|
G-portein
|
|
2. G-protein activates the enzyme _________
|
Adenylate Cyclase
|
|
3. ATP ->conversion to->________ which is the second internal messenger.
|
cAMP
|
|
ATP=
|
Adenosine Triphosphate (energy molecule)
|
|
cAMP =
|
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (second internal messenger)
|
|
Most enzymes end in?
|
ase
|
|
Steriod hormones are made from?
|
Cholesterol
|
|
What glands produce Steriod Hormones?
|
Gonads and Adrenal Cortex
|
|
They are a lipid soluble hormone?
|
Steriod Hormone
|
|
Do Steriod Hormones enter the target tissues?
|
YES
|
|
Inside the target cell the Steroid H. bonds to a _________ -> Enter the ________ of the target cell -> Activate "genes" of ______ -> ___________ activates the cell.
|
Receptor
Nucleus DNA Protein Synthesis |
|
T3 and T4 are ? and they work like __________.
|
Thyroid Hormones
Steroid Hormones |
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1, Hypothalamus - Control the Adrenal Medulla (via sympathetic nerve connection)
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Hypothalamus -> Sympathetic Nerve -> Adrenal Medulla, which releases Epinephrine(adrenalin)
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2, Hypothalamus - Control the Antierior Pituitary Gland by releasing ____________ and release ___________
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Hormones (factors)
Inhibiting Hormone (factors) |
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3. The Hypothalamus produces 2 specific hormones called what?
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OT and ADH
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AKA Antidiuretic
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Vasopressin
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Clinical form pitoein?
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OT - Oxytocin
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It is produced by Neurosecretory cell of Hypothalamus
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OT
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________ is controlled by postive feedback?
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Protein H.
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Where is OT stored at?
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Posterior Pituitary
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OT targets?
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Brain
Uterus Breast |
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Action of OT
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1. @ the brain, it stimulates nature/bonding (pleasure)
2. @ the Breast (smooth muscle) sucking stimulus causes OT to cause breast to release milk (letdown) 3. @ the Uterus, (smooth muscle) causes the onset of labor (stimulates dilation.softening of cervix) |
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ADH causes?
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Water loss
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High levels of ADH causes?
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Vascular Contractions (high BP)
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It's produced by neuroseretory cells of Hypothalamus?
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ADH
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It's stored in the Posterior Pituitary?
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ADH
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Protein hormone controlled by negative feedback?
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ADH
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ADH targets? (3)
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Kidneys
Sweat Glands (somtimes blood vessels) |
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@ the ________ ADH targets the _______ and increases water absorption. This causes ________ and _________
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Kidneys
Tubules Rehydration Higher BP |
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@ the ________ ADH prevents water loss via sweating.
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Sweatglands
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@ the blood vessels excessive levels of ______ causes vasoconstriction (high BP)
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ADH
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Vasoconstrictor =
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High BP
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Factor that inhibits ADH?
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Alcohol causes you to over produce ATH
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Stimuli to produce ADH
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dehydration
stress pain anxiety nicotine drugs (morphine) |
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Too much ADH causes? and causes? Treatment?
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Hypersecretion of ADH
High BP (Hypertension) Duiretics |
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Too little ADH causes? Which causes?
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Diabetes Insipidus
Excessive Urine Loss High Urine Output |
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Anterior Pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus by the?
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Hypophyseal Portal System
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Did Chromophobe Cells Stain?
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NO
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Did Chromophil Cells Stain?
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YES
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Name two types of Chromophil Cells?
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Acidophil (lighter)
Basophil (very dark) |
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Name 5 Pituitary cell names based on target?
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Corticotroph Cell
Thyrotroph Cell Somatotroph Cell Lactrotroph Cell Gonadotroph Cell |
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Cell that produces a hormone that targets the Adrenal Cortex?
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Corticotroph Cell
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Cell that produces a hormone that targets the Thyroids?
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Thyroproph Cell
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Cell that produces a hormone that targets the liver, muscle and cartlidge of the body?
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Somatotroph Cell
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Cell that produces a hormone that targets the breast?
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Lactrotroph
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AKA Prolactin
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Lactogenic Hormone
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AKA Lactogenic Hormone
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Mammotropin
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Cell that produces hormones that target the gonads?
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Gonadotroph Cell
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Old cell name for Gonadotroph?
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Basophil Cell
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Old name for Lactrotroph Cell?
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Acidophil Cell
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Old cell name for Thyrotroph Cell?
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Basophil Cell
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Old name for Corticotroph Cell?
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Chromophobe
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AKA Thyroid Stim. Hormone?
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Thyrotropin
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Hormones Anterior Pituitary? (7)
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GH
ACTH PRL TSH FSH (reproductive) LH " ICSH " |
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ACTH =
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
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ACTH targets ?
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Adrenal Cortex
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ACTH action?
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Causes release of cortisol
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ACTH in hig levels can cause?
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bronzing of skin
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MSH=
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Melonocyte Stim. H.
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This hormone is mostly a fetal hormone?
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MSH
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Chromophobe cells produce what hormone?
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MSH
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MSH targets?
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Melanocytes in skin, eyes, and hair.
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Action of MSH?
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Turn on Melanin produced
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TSH =
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Thyroid Stim. Hormone
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AKA Thyroid Stim. Hormone
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Thyrotropin Hormone
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TSH targets?
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Thyroids
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Action of TSH?
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cause thyroids to release Thyroxine.
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GH is also called?
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Somatotropic Hormone
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GH or STH targets?
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Muscles
Liver Bone Cartlidge |
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GH and STH Actions?
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Promotes healing
Raises protein systhesis Raises Blood Glucose (Fuel) Promotes growth |
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GH targets the liver and causes the release of _________ like _______.
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Somatomedins
IGF1 |
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Hyposecretions =
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Too little GH
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Too little GH Early Child is ? Adult?
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Dwarfism
Simmons Disease (poor tissues, poor healing, "progeria" early aging. |
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Hypersecretions =
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Too much GH
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Too much GH Early Fetus/child? Adult?
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Giantism
Acromegly Raises cartlidge (big nose, big ears) Elongated head, raises blood glucose (diabetes Mellitus) |
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AKA prolactin
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Lactogenic Hormone
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Normally ______ is inhibited by hypothalamus (dopamine)
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PRL
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PRL targets?
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Breast
Testis |
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When your sex hormones _________ are up/high _______ is inhibited.
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Estradiol
PRL |
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At the end of the monthly cycle is called ___________, your estradiol levels _______. _______ levels rise which causes breast tenderness.
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Premenstral Time
Drop ??? |
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If you are pregnant your Estradil is _______ and PRL is _______.
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up/high
lowered |
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After giving birth and you pass the "afterbirth" your Estradiol level _________ and PRL goes _________, then you start making milk.
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Drops
Lowers |
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Hormone that targets the gonads?
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Gonadotropic Hormone
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FSH does what?
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Prepl. sex cells - Gametes
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LH does what?
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Produces sex hormones
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ICSH does what?
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Produces sex hormones
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_______ will cause the mature follicle to break off
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LH
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Ovulation is when the __________ ruputures. Release of ________ and fluid, formation of _________ produces sex hormones ________ and _________. Which prep the body for possible pregnancy.
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Graffian Follicle
Oocyte Corpus Luteum Estradiol and Progesterone |
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_________ will target the breast and raise breast tissue.
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Estradiol
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__________ also promotes development of Placenta.
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Progesterone
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If you are not Pregnant the __________ breaks off, _________ and _________ levels drop and _________ can start again.
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Corpus Luteum
Estradiol and Progesterone FSH |
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HCG =
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Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
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______ goes to the ovary and keeps the Corpus Luteum working.
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HCG
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With in ____ days HCH can be detected.
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7
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________ becomes an embryo and goes to the uterine wall (starts the formation of Placenta) (progesterone)
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Zygote
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Placenta (part embryo and part uterus) produces __________, __________, ___________, and ___________.
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Estriadiol
Progesterone HCG HPL |
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HPL =
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Human placenta Lactogen
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Thelarche =
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Breast (estradiol)
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Pubarche =
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Hair (pubic, axillary) (testosterone)
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Menarche =
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Start of Menstruation
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Name 3 thing that can affect menstral cycle?
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Diet
Other Hormones Body Fat |
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You must have 7-22% body fat to start?
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menstral cycle
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End of Menstruation for 1 year =
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Menopause
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Name some affects Menapause can have?
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Decreased Sex Hormones
Risk of Osteoporosis Raises Density of Breast Skin thins and less vascular skin will dry |
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What causes hot flashes?
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FSH increase
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How many day is average for the menstral cycle?
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28 days
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Day 1-5 is called ? What happens?
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Menses - menstral phase
She uterine lining (functionalis) |
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Day 6-13 is called ? What happens?
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Preovalutory phase
FSH Rises Development of follicles Estradiol Raises LH is released |
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Mid-Cycle 14 days is called? What happens?
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Ovulation Phase
Ovulation due to release of LH |
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15 - 26 day is called what? What happens?
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Postovulatory Phase
Estradiol & ProgesteroneRaises Corpus Luteum FSH and LH lowers Stays this way if pregnant |
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No fertilization
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Estradiol & progesterone lowers
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27-28 days is called what and what happens?
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Premenstral Phase
Moody/pain oxygen lowers vascularity lowers PRL rises (breast tenderness) |
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What causes the spermtagonial cell to divide and make sperm?
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FSH
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Sperm travels to the ________ -> ___________ -> ___________ -> ___________ -> dump at prostate gland into the ejaculatory duct into the urethra and passes out the body in the ___________.
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Testis
Seminiferous Tubules Epidymus Vas Deferns Urogenital Orifice |
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end of penis =
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Urogenital Ofifice
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Testosterone is a _________ hormone. Major _____ hormone, and produced by ____________ cells.
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Steroid
Sex Interstitial Cell (Leydig Cells) |
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Characteristics of Testosterone?
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Sets up male anatomy (penis and Scrotum)
Builds muscle denser bones facial hair chest hair deeper voice Libido |
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Too much testosterone can cause?
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Acne
Moody (Rage) Baldness |