A & P Chapter 8 Joints

Front 1

Functional Classifications of Joints

Back 1

Synarthrosis

Amphiarthrosis

Diarthrosis

Front 2

Synarthrosis

Back 2

"together joint"

Immoveable

Front 3

Amphiarthrosis

Back 3

"Partial Joint"

Partially moveable

Front 4

Diarthrosis

Back 4

"two joint"

Freely moveable joint

ex. finger, knee, hip and shoulder

Front 5

Structural Classifications of Joints

Back 5

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Front 6

Fibrous Joints

Back 6

Collagen b/t bones

Suture

Syndesmosis

Gomphosis

Front 7

Syndesmosis

Back 7

Ligament

Tibia/Fibula

Front 8

Gomphosis

Back 8

Tooth

Front 9

Cartilaginous Joints

Back 9

Cartilage

Syndhondrosis

Symphysis

Front 10

Syndhondrosis

Back 10

Hyaline Cartilage ex. Sternum, Rib

Front 11

Symphysis

Back 11

Fibrocartilage ex. Pubic Symphysis

Front 12

Synovial Joint Structure

Back 12

Articular/Joint Capsule

Articular Cartilage

Joint/Synovial Fluid

Associated Joint Structures

Front 13

Articular/ Joint Capsule

Back 13

Fibrous Capsule

Synovial Membrane

Front 14

Fibrous Capsule

Back 14

Collagen

Front 15

Synovial Membrane

Back 15

Thin squamous epithelium

Filters synovial fluid from blood, exchanges

Front 16

Articular Cartilage

Back 16

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 17

Joint/Synovial Cavity

Back 17

Contains Synovial fluid (serum like)

Lubricates to Cartilage

Nutrition to Cartilage

Front 18

Associated Joint Structures

Back 18

Ligaments

Tendons

Bursa

Front 19

Ligaments

Back 19

Connects bone to bone

Dense regular C.T.

Front 20

Tendons

Back 20

Connects muscle to bone

Dense Regular C.T.

Front 21

Bursa

Back 21

"Purse"

Flat sac of synovial fluid

Acts to decrease friction around/outside joint

Front 22

Tendon Sheath

Back 22

Bursa wraps around tendon

Front 23

Types of Synovial Joints

Back 23

Plane

Hinge

Pivot

Condyloid

Saddle

Ball and Socket

Front 24

Plane Joint Ex.

Back 24

Intercarpal Joint

Front 25

Hinge Joint Ex.

Back 25

Elbow and Knee Joint

Front 26

Pivot Joint Ex.

Back 26

Joint between radio-ulnar (proximal)

Front 27

Condyloid Joint Ex.

Back 27

Metacarpal Phalangeal Joint

Front 28

Saddle Joint Ex.

Back 28

Thumb

Front 29

Ball and Socket Joint Ex.

Back 29

Shoulder and Hip

Front 30

Flexion Vs. Extension (also Hyperextension)

Back 30

Movement in Sagittal Planes (Ant./Post.)

Flexion: "Bend", Decrease Joint Angle

Extension: "Straighten" Increase Joint Angle

Hyperextension: Beyond Anatomical Position

Front 31

Are you flexing or extending in Anatomical Position?

Back 31

Extending

Front 32

Abduction Vs. Adduction

Back 32

Movement in Frontal/Coronal Plane

Abduction: Away from Midline

Adduction: Towards Midline

Front 33

Rotation

Back 33

Oriented from Anterior

Right Vs. Left

Medial Vs. Lateral

Front 34

Pronation Vs. Supination

Back 34

Movement in Forearm

Pronation: Radius and Ulna Crossed

Supination: Radius and Ulna Parallel

Front 35

Are you in Pronation or Supination in the Anatomical Position?

Back 35

Supination

Front 36

Plantarflexion Vs. Dorsiflexion

Back 36

Movement in Foot

Plantarflexion: tip toe, step on gas

Dorsiflexion: walking on heels, foot off gas

Front 37

Inversion Vs. Eversion

Back 37

Movement in Foot

Inversion: Sole goes medial

Eversion: Sole goes lateral

Front 38

Protraction Vs. Retraction

Back 38

Occurs in Mandible, Shoulder, Hip

Protraction: Movement Anteriorly

Retraction: Movement Posteriorly

Front 39

Elevation Vs. Depression

Back 39

Occurs in Mandible, Shoulder

Elevation: Raising, ex. closed mouth (elevated mandible)

Depression: Lowering ex. open mouth (depressed mandible)

Front 40

Opposition

Back 40

Thumb

Touch thumb tip to other finger tips

Front 41

Factors Involving Range of Motion

Back 41

Muscle and tendons around joint

Fit of bones

Other connective tissues

Front 42

Counter balance

Back 42

Greater range of motion, lesser overall stability of joint

Front 43

Shoulder Joint

Back 43

Gleno-Humeral Joint

Form: Loose and shallow, thin lip (labrum)

Stability: Muscles

Rotator Cuff Muscles: 4, from scapula to head area of Humerus

Tendons of biceps long head

Front 44

Hip Joint

Back 44

Acetofemural Joint

Form: Deep compared to shoulder: deep cavity and thick labrum

Stability: Fit and ligaments

Fit: Deep

Ligaments

Front 45

Ligaments in Acetofemural Joint

Back 45

Head: Ligament of the head of femur (ligamentum terres)

Illium to Femur: Illiofemural Ligament

Ischium to Femur: Ischiofemural Ligament

Pubis to Femur: Pubofemural Ligament

Front 46

What happens to the ligaments when you extend the hip? (Standing)

Back 46

Causes ligament to twist, helps force head of femur into acetabulum

Front 47

Knee (Joint)

Back 47

Largest and most complex joint

Stability: ligaments supported by muscles

Front 48

Ligaments in Knee

Back 48

Collateral Ligaments: tibial/fibular or medial/lateral

Cruciate Ligaments: Intrascapular "Cross" anterior and posterior

Patellar Ligament: from patella to tibial tuberosity

Front 49

Tendon in Knee

Back 49

Patellar tendon (Quadriceps tendon)

Front 50

Menisci (Meniscus singular)

Back 50

pads of fibrocartilage on tibial condyles, medial and lateral

Front 51

Arthritis

Back 51

Joint Inflammation

Front 52

Osteoarthritis

Back 52

Wear and tear

Loss of articular cartilage

Rubbing together of bone leads to bone spurs

Front 53

Rheumatoid Arthritits

Back 53

Auto immune disease

Immune system attacks joints

Front 54

Infectious Arthritis

Back 54

Joint pain when you have a virus or bacterial infection

Front 55

Gout

Back 55

Uric acid builds up in joints (Usually big toe)

Uric acid is normally found in urine

Front 56

Sprain

Back 56

Stretched or torn ligament

Front 57

Strain

Back 57

Stretched or torn muscle