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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the axial skeleton
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Central supporting axis of the body. includes skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
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Describe the appendicular skeleton
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Upper limbs and pectoral girdle. Lower limbs and pelvic girdle
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Describe sesamoid bones
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patella/kneecap. form within tendons. due to stress
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Name the surface features of bones
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crest - ridge, line - ridge, tubercle - round process, condyle - knob, epicondyle - flare, fissure - slit, foramen - hole, canal - tunnel, facet - flat surface, process - prominence, protuberance - outgrowth, sinus - cavity, spine - sharp process, sulcus - groove, tuberosity - rough surface, fossa - basin, meatus - canal
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Describe the skull and its' bones and cavities
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22 bones joined by sutures. several cavities - cranial, orbits, nasal, oral, ear, paranasal. foramina - homes where nerves and blood vessels pass
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Name the cranial bones and their purpose
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Cranial bones enclose the brain. Frontal (1) Parietal (2) Temporal (2) Occipital (1) Sphenoid (1) Ethmoid (1) |
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What is the shape of the sphenoid bone?
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mothlike shape
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What is the location of the ethmoid bone?
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nasal septum, between the eyes
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Name the facial bones
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Maxillae (2) Palatine (2) - hard palate Zygomatic (2) - angles of cheek Lacrimal (2) Nasal (2) Inferior nasal conchae (2) Vomer (1) - no muscle attachment Mandible (1) - lower teeth/jaw, strongest skull bone |
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Describe the auditory ossicles
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Bones of the middle ear. Malleus Incus Stapes |
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Describe the vertebral column and the "regions"
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chain of 33 vertebrae and intervertebral discs. cervical (7) thoracic (12) lumbar (5) sacral (5) coccygeal (4) |
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What are the functions of the vertebral column?
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supports skull and trunk, allows movement, protects spinal cord, absorbs stress from walking, running, and lifting, provides attachment for limbs, thoracic cage, and postural muscles
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What are the top 2 cervical vertebrae names?
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Atlas (C1) Axis (C2) |
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Describe the 3 most common abnormal curvatures of the spine |
scoliosis: abnormal lateral curvature kyphosis: hunchback. abnormal posterior thoracic curvature lordosis: swayback, abnormal anterior lumbar curvature |
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Describe the general structure of vertebrae
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body (centrum) vertebral foramen - contains spinal cord vertebral arch spinous transverse process superior and inferior articular processes |
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Describe intervertebral discs
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pad between vertebrae. composed of nucleus palposus (central portion, gelatinous consistency) and anulus fibrosus (outer ring, fibrocartilage)
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Describe the cervical vertebrae. what is the name of the top 2?
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there are 7 cervical vertebrae. they are the smallest and lightest (due to their positioning in the vertebral column). C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) are the top 2 vertebrae
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Describe C1 and C2 vertebrae
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C1 (atlas): "yes" motion, flat, no body, supports the skull C2 (axis): "no" motion, dens (odontoid process) provides rotational movement |
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How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
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12 total
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How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
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5 total, largest of all vertebrae
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Describe the sacrum
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5 vertebrae fuse during young adulthood. The sacrum articulates (connects) with the pelvic bones and forms posterior wall of the pelvic cavity
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Describe the coccyx
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Consists of 4 or 5 small, coccygeal vertebrae that fuse by the age of 20. also known as the tailbone
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Describe the thoracic cage
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Consists of thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and ribs. Conical enclosure for the lungs and heart |
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How many ribs are there, and what "kind"?
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12 pairs of ribs. 1-7 true ribs 8-12 false ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs |
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What are the 3 regions of the sternum (breast plate)?
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manubrium body (gladiolus) xiphoid process |
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Describe the general shapes of the ribs
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Rib 1 is small, shaped like a "U" Ribs 2-10 are a bit bigger, shaped like a "C" Ribs 11 and 12 are smaller, long and straight |
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Define chondrification
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differentiation of embryonic mesenchyme to hyaline cartilage
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Define ossification
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cartilage replaced by bone
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What are fontanels and where are they found?
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Fontanels are associated with skull development. Found in babies. fibrous membranes in gaps between cranial bones ("soft spots"). these are all closed by 24 months
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Describe vertebral column development
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ossification of vertebrae begins before birth but not fully complete until age 25
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Define herniated discs
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cracking of the anulus fibrosus, may press the spinal nerve
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