A & P Chapter 6 "bones"

Front 1

Growth accomplished by the addition of new layers onto those previously formed.

Back 1

Appositional growth

Front 2

Fat- or blood- forming tissue found within the bone marrow cavities

Back 2

Bone Marrow

Front 3

Process involving bone formation and destruction in response to hormonal and mechanical factors.

Back 3

Bone Remodeling

Front 4

The removal or osseous tissue; part of the continuous bone remodeling process.

Back 4

Bone resorption

Front 5

Hormone released by the thyroid. Lowers blood calcium level only when present at high levels.

Back 5

Calcitonin

Front 6

(1) Localized thickening of skin epidermis resulting from physical trauma. (2) repair tissue (fibrous or bony) formed at a fracture site.

Back 6

Callus

Front 7

Extremely small tubular passage or channel.

Back 7

Canaliculus

Front 8

Bone formed using hyaline cartilage structures as models for ossification

Back 8

Cartilage bone (endochondral bone)

Front 9

The canal in the center of each osteon that contains minute blood vessels and nerve fibers that serve the needs of the osteocytes.

Back 9

Central (Haversian) Canal

Front 10

Elongated shaft of a long bone

Back 10

Diaphysis

Front 11

The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

Back 11

Dipole

Front 12

Embryonic formation of bone by the replacement of calcified cartilage; most skeletal bones are formed by this process.

Back 12

Endochondral ossification

Front 13

Connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surfaces.

Back 13

Endosteum

Front 14

Plate of hyaline cartilage at the junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis that provides for growth in length of a long bone

Back 14

Ephysiseal Plate

Front 15

The end of a long bone, attached to the shaft

Back 15

Epiphysis

Front 16

(1) A groove or cleft; (2) the deepest depressions or inward folds on the brain

Back 16

Fissure

Front 17

Hole or opening in a bone or between body cavities

Back 17

Foramen

Front 18

A depression, often an articular surface.

Back 18

Fossa

Front 19

A break in a bone.

Back 19

Fracture

Front 20

System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone

Back 20

Haversian System

Front 21

The most abundant cartilage type in the body; provides firm support with some pliability

Back 21

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 22

Incomplete lamellae that lie between intact osteons, filling the gaps between intact osteons, filling the gaps between forming osteons, or representing the remnants of an osteon that has been cut through by bone remodeling.

Back 22

Interstitial Lamellae

Front 23

A small space, or cavity or depression, lacunae in bone or cartilage are occupied by cells.

Back 23

Lacuna

Front 24

A layer, such as bone matrix in an osteon of compact bone.

Back 24

Lamella

Front 25

Central portion of certain organs.

Back 25

Medulla

Front 26

Central Cavity of a long bone. Contains yellow or red (bone) marrow.

Back 26

Medullary Cavity

Front 27

The process of bone formation; also called osteogenesis.

Back 27

Ossification

Front 28

Bone-forming cells.

Back 28

Osteoblasts

Front 29

Large cells that that resorb or break down matrix.

Back 29

Osteoclasts

Front 30

Mature bone cell.

Back 30

Osteocyte

Front 31

The process of bone formation; also called ossification.

Back 31

Osteogenesis

Front 32

Unmineralized bone matrix

Back 32

Osteoid

Front 33

Disorder in which bones are inadequately mineralized; soft bones

Back 33

Osteomalacia

Front 34

System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone; also called Haversian System

Back 34

Osteon

Front 35

Decreased density and strength of bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation.

Back 35

Osteoporosis

Front 36

Disorder characterized by excessive bone breakdown and abnormal bone formation.

Back 36

Paget's disease

Front 37

Fibrous connective tissue covering the external surface of cartilaginous structures.

Back 37

Perichondrium

Front 38

Double layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.

Back 38

Periosteum

Front 39

Canals that run at right angles to the long bone, connecting the vascular and nerve supplies of the periosteum to those of the central canals and medullary cavity; also called Volkmann's canals

Back 39

Preforating canals

Front 40

(1) Prominence or projection; (2) series of actions for a specific purpose.

Back 40

Process

Front 41

Short bones embedded in tendons, variable in size and number, many of which influence the action of muscles; largest is the patella.

Back 41

Sesamoid bones

Front 42

System of protection and support composed primarily of bone and cartilage.

Back 42

Skeletal system

Front 43

(1) Any of the fibrous bands extending from the capsule into the interior of an organ; (2) strut or thin plate of bone in spongy bone.

Back 43

Trabecula

Front 44

Canals that run at right angles to the long bone, connecting the vascular and nerve supplies of the periosteum to those of the central canals and medullary cavity; also called the preforating canals

Back 44

Volkmann's canals

Front 45

Internal layer of skeletal bone; also called cancellous bone.

Back 45

Spongy Bone