A & P Chap 3 Terminology

Front 1

active transport

Back 1

net movement of a substance across a membrane against a concentration or electrical gradient; requires release and use of cellular energy

Front 2

centrioles

Back 2

a minute body found near the nucleus of the cell. active in cell divison

Front 3

chromatin

Back 3

the structures in nucleus that carry the hereditary factors (genes)

Front 4

cilia

Back 4

tiny, hairlike projections on cell surfaces that move in wavelike manner

Front 5

connective tissue

Back 5

a primary tissue; form and function vary widely. functions include support, storage, and protection

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cytokinesis

Back 6

division of cytoplasm that occurs after the cell nucelus has divided

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cytoplasm

Back 7

the subsatnce of the cell other than that of the nucleus

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cytoskeleton

Back 8

an elebaorate netowkr of protein structures extending throughout the cytoplasm. acts as a cell's bones and muscles by furnishing an internal framework that determines cell shape, supports other organelles, and provides the machinery needed for intracellular transport and various types of cellular movements.

Front 9

diffusion

Back 9

the spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution of particles

Front 10

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 10

a membranous network of tubular or saclike channels in the cytoplasm of a cell

Front 11

epithelial tissue

Back 11

the tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines the body cavities, ducts, and vessels

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filtration

Back 12

the passage of a solvent and dissolved substance through a membrane or filter

Front 13

golgi apparatus

Back 13

a stack of flattened membranous sacs associated with swarms of tiny vesicles. Acts as a traffic director for cellular proteins

Front 14

lysosomes

Back 14

organelles that originate from the golgi appartus and contain strong digestive enzymes

Front 15

matrix

Back 15

produced by the connective tissue cells and then secreted to their exterior. It may be liquid, semisolid, gel-like, or very hard

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microvilli

Back 16

the tiny prkections of the free surface of some epithelial cells' increase surface area for absorption

Front 17

mitochondria

Back 17

the rod like cyoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities

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mitosis

Back 18

the division of the cell nucleus; often followed by division of the cytoplasm of a cell

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muscle tissue

Back 19

highly specialized tissue designed to contract or shorten to produce movement

Front 20

nervous tissue

Back 20

tissue composed of neurons, cells that conduct and receieve electrochemical impulses from one part of the body to another. Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics

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nucleoli

Back 21

small spherical bodies in the cell nucleus; function in ribosome synthesis

Front 22

nucleus

Back 22

a dense central body in most cells containig the genetic material of the cell

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organelles

Back 23

specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions

Front 24

passive transport

Back 24

membrane transport processes that do not require cellular energy (ATP) for example, diffusion, which is driven instead by kinetic energy

Front 25

phagocytosis

Back 25

the ingestion of solid paricles by cells

Front 26

pinocytosis

Back 26

the engulfing of extracellular fluid by cells

Front 27

ribosomes

Back 27

cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized

Front 28

selective permeability

Back 28

a barrier that allows some substances to pass throught it while excluding others

Front 29

solute pump

Back 29

protein carriers that use ATP to energize