A & P Ch 4 Tissues, Glands & Membranes

Front 1

A group of similar cells that preform a specialized function; a group of cells similar in structure & substance arranged in characteristic patterns & specialized for specific tasks

Back 1

tissues

Front 2

The study of tissues

Back 2

histology

Front 3

covers all the bodies surfaces; inside & out; it is the major tissue of glands; covers organs; forms inner linings of body cavities & hollow organs

Back 3

epithelium

Front 4

this is the outer layer of skin

Back 4

epidermis

Front 5

How is epithelium classified?

Back 5

by shape & arrangement

Front 6

describe squamous epithemium

Back 6

thin flat irregular cells that form the walls of capillaries, as well as inside other blood & lymph vessels

Front 7

Cube shaped square epithelium cells that are found in the ovaries, kidney tubules & ducts of glands

Back 7

cuboidal

Front 8

these are strong epithelium cells that are long narrow & elongated. They form the lining of the uterus, stomach, intestines; relatively thick & provide good protection for underlining structures

Back 8

columnar

Front 9

What are some characteristics of epithelium?

Back 9

repairs itself quickly & some produce mucus, digestive juices, sweat & some contain cilia

Front 10

this is a sticky protective fluid

Back 10

mucus

Front 11

tiny hairlike projections

Back 11

cilia

Front 12

glands are mostly made up of

Back 12

epithelial tissue

Front 13

this type pf gland is ductless & release their secretions right into the bloodstream an example would be the thyroid gland

Back 13

endocrine glands

Front 14

this type of gland releases their secretions into the body cavities or to the outside through ducts ex salivary glands, tear ducts

Back 14

exocrine glands (I remember exit through ducts)

Front 15

stratified is

Back 15

many layers of cells

Front 16

where do hormones come from?

Back 16

the endocrine glands

Front 17

supports framework of all parts of the body

Back 17

connective tissue

Front 18

cells of connective tissue are usually _______ _______than those in epithelial tissue

Back 18

further apart

Front 19

What is the name of the intercellular material that is between connective tissu cells?

Back 19

matrix

Front 20

Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue by_________

Back 20

weight

Front 21

how is connective tissue classified

Back 21

by hardness

Front 22

bands of sheets of connective tissue that support the organs & hold them in place

Back 22

fascia membranes

Front 23

this fascia is just under the skin & contains a layer of fat

Back 23

superficial fascia

Front 24

this fascia is the deepest within the body & provides support to the organs

Back 24

deep fascia

Front 25

this is a layer of fascia membrane that covers the brain & spinal cord

Back 25

meninges

Front 26

______ may be refered to as sheath sheets or bands

Back 26

fascia

Front 27

inflammation of the meninges

Back 27

meningitis

Front 28

an example of hard connective tissue would be

Back 28

cartilage

Front 29

what does cartilage do & where can it be found?

Back 29

acts as a shock absorber to decrease friction between moving parts; can be found at the tip of the nose, parts of the voice box, unborn baby bones

Front 30

What makes the bones of unborn babies get hard?

Back 30

calcium deposits in the bones

Front 31

give two examples of liquid connective tissue

Back 31

blood & lymph

Front 32

what is a raised scar

Back 32

keloid

Front 33

scars are more_____& less_____than normal tissue

Back 33

more hard less elastic

Front 34

Connective tissue repairs relatively______but often create scars

Back 34

easily

Front 35

this type of tissue produces movement by forcable contractions

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muscle tissue

Front 36

in muscle tissue the cells are________& can change shape by becoming shorter & thicker

Back 36

elongated

Front 37

muscle tissue repairs it self with________or ______ ___ ___.

Back 37

difficulty or not at all

Front 38

this type of muscle provides movement to the body

Back 38

skeletal muscle tissue

Front 39

skeletal muscle is under_____control

Back 39

voluntary

Front 40

voluntary control means

Back 40

we control it

Front 41

skeletal muscle is attached to_____& is ______

Back 41

bone & is striated

Front 42

striated means

Back 42

multi-layered

Front 43

our heart is this type of muscle tissue

Back 43

cardiac

Front 44

cardiac muscle is _______& _______

Back 44

striated & involuntary

Front 45

involuntary means

Back 45

we do not control it

Front 46

this type of muscle tissue lines the walls of the viscera

Back 46

visceral muscle tissue

Front 47

what is the viscera

Back 47

organs of the ventral cavity excluding the heart

Front 48

visceral muscle tissue is _____& __________

Back 48

smooth & involuntary

Front 49

_________muscle tissue is the only one that is voluntary

Back 49

skeletal

Front 50

what is osseous tissue?

Back 50

bones

Front 51

an immature bone cell is an

Back 51

osteoblast (new)

Front 52

a mature bone cell is an

Back 52

osteocyte

Front 53

what is the basic stucture unit of a nerve tissue

Back 53

neuron

Front 54

what is the central coordinating structure of the body?

Back 54

brain

Front 55

_____provides direct communication with the brain by providing_______

Back 55

nerves, impulses

Front 56

what is the path the impulses follow?

Back 56

brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves

Front 57

what are the peripheral nerves

Back 57

all the nerves outside the brain & spinal cord

Front 58

impulses enter the neuron through one of the _______& leave through the_______

Back 58

dendrites, axon

Front 59

how many axons does a nerve have?

Back 59

1

Front 60

this is the white matter that may be found covering some axons

Back 60

myelon sheath

Front 61

what is the purpose of the myelon sheath

Back 61

provide insulation & impulses move faster when there is a myelon sheath

Front 62

what color is a unmyelonated sheath

Back 62

grey

Front 63

Nerve cells in the brain & spinal cord repair themselves if they are injured true or false

Back 63

false nerves in the brain & spinal cord do not repair themselves but some peripheral nerves may repair themselves but it is slow & uncertain

Front 64

a bundle of nerve cell fibers held together by connective tissue is what

Back 64

nerve

Front 65

these cells support & protect the nervous tissue

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neuroglial

Front 66

what are membranes

Back 66

this sheets of tissue

Front 67

are membranes fragile or tough

Back 67

both

Front 68

how do membranes look

Back 68

some are transparent some are opague

Front 69

what do membranes do

Back 69

some cover a surface some form a partition, some line hollow organs & some anchor organs

Front 70

in this type of membrane the outer surface is made of epithelium but may contain some connective or muscle tissue

Back 70

epithelial membrane

Front 71

this type of membrane lines the tubes & other spaces that open to the outside of the body

Back 71

mucous membrane

Front 72

what is the function of a mucouse membrane

Back 72

they secrete mucus, protects deeper structures (ex stomach would errode without it), absorbs nutrients (sm intestines), lubricates organs where it secretes & prevents friction during movement (heart beating)

Front 73

You will find cilia in the ______body system

Back 73

respiratory system

Front 74

finger like projections that are folds of mucousa they increase the surface area along the small intestines

Back 74

villa

Front 75

this type of membrane provides protection against organs rubbing & secretes a serous fluid

Back 75

serous membrane

Front 76

a serous fluid is

Back 76

watery

Front 77

Where would you find pleurae serous membranes

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lungs

Front 78

this tissue is named from a word that means space because of its open composition it contains cells & & fibers in a soft jelly like matrix it is found around vesels & organs between muscles & under skin it is the most common type of connective tissue

Back 78

areolar tissue

Front 79

this type of tissue is able to store large amounts of fat. it is a heat insulator & a protective padding for organs & joints

Back 79

adipose tissue

Front 80

this type of connective tissue has mostly collaganous fibers in random arrangement. makes up the fibrous membrane that covers various organs

Back 80

irregular dense connective tissue

Front 81

this connective tissue is made up mostly of collaganous tissue but they are in regular parallel alignment like the strands of a cable

Back 81

regular dense connective tissue

Front 82

what are two examples of regular dense connective tissue

Back 82

tendons & ligaments

Front 83

tendons attach

Back 83

muscle to bone

Front 84

ligaments attach

Back 84

bones to bones

Front 85

what is the name of the cells that form cartilage

Back 85

chondrocytes

Front 86

hyaline cartilage covers the ends of large bones & makes up the tip of the nose & parts of the trachea & larynx & is commonly called

Back 86

gristle

Front 87

this type of cartilage is firm & rigid; it is commonly found between the vertebrae & in the anterior joints between the pubic bone & hips, & in the knee joint

Back 87

fibrocartilage

Front 88

this cartilage can spring back into shape after it is bent found in the outer portion of the ear & the larynx

Back 88

elastic cartilage

Front 89

the pleurae or pleura (serous membrane) line the

Back 89

thoracic cavity & cover the lungs

Front 90

what is the largest serous membrane

Back 90

peritoneum

Front 91

what is the serous membrane that covers the heart

Back 91

pericardium

Front 92

this part of the peritoneum is a double fold that hangs in front of the stomach & intestine

Back 92

omentum

Front 93

the _____omentum attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach & covers the stomach & intestines

Back 93

greater omentum

Front 94

the _____omentum attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach & covers the liver

Back 94

lesser omentum

Front 95

is double folded & attaches to the posterior abdominal wall

Back 95

messentary

Front 96

what organ would you have to remove to see the messentary

Back 96

the intestines

Front 97

what does the peritoneum look like

Back 97

clear glistening

Front 98

thin connective tissue membranes that line the joint cavities

Back 98

synovial membranes

Front 99

Fascial membranes are responsible for

Back 99

supporting the organs & keeping them in place

Front 100

covers the bones very vascular produces new bone cells after an injury

Back 100

periosteum

Front 101

vascular means

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has a large blood supply

Front 102

serous membranes membranes have ______& _______ layers

Back 102

visceral & parietal

Front 103

the visceral layer attaches to

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an organ ex visceral pleura

Front 104

the parietal layer attaches to

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the walls of a cavity; lines the cavity

Front 105

The centra agency is the

Back 105

brain

Front 106

Mucous membranes, containing epithelial secreting cells, produce _____

Back 106

mucus

Front 107

Soft connective tissue includes_____tissue & ______connective tissue

Back 107

adipose tissue & fibrous connective tissue

Front 108

_____tissue is bone tissue

Back 108

osseous

Front 109

Membranes are thin ______of tissue

Back 109

sheets

Front 110

The main type of fibre in connective tissue is ______, a flexible white protein

Back 110

Collagen

Front 111

The serous membrane attached to the wall of a cavity or sac is known as the______layer

Back 111

parietal

Front 112

Muscle tissue contracts & produces______

Back 112

movement

Front 113

The _____are several layers of connective tissue membranes covering the brain & spinal cord

Back 113

meninges

Front 114

_____, a fibrous connective tissue, connects muscles to bones

Back 114

tendons

Front 115

The _____carries nerve impulses, or messages to the nerve cell body

Back 115

dendrite

Front 116

______membrane is commonlu known as the skin having an outer layer of epithelium

Back 116

cutaneus

Front 117

The cells may be arranged in a single layer known as_____or in many layers, termed________

Back 117

simple, stratified

Front 118

_______ _______ is the continuous sheet of tissue that underlies the skin and contains adipose tissue to insulate & protect the skin

Back 118

sperficial fascia

Front 119

_____is used as a shock absorber

Back 119

cartilage

Front 120

Synovial membranes, thin connective tissue, line the _____cavities

Back 120

joint

Front 121

_____is the main tissue of the outer layer of the skin

Back 121

epithelium

Front 122

The _____ _______lines the heart

Back 122

visceral pericardium

Front 123

_____membranes line the tubes and other spaces that open to the outside of the body

Back 123

mucous

Front 124

The pleurae line the _____cavity and cover each _______

Back 124

thoracic, lung

Front 125

Skeletal muscle has_____control

Back 125

voluntary

Front 126

Some axons are insulated and protected by a coating of material called

Back 126

myelin

Front 127

All nerves come together & form a great trunk cable called the ____ ______

Back 127

spinal cord

Front 128

Blood & lymph are examples of ____connective tissue

Back 128

liquid

Front 129

The membranes attached to organs is called the _____layer

Back 129

visceral

Front 130

Smooth or visceral muscle is a _____muscle

Back 130

involuntary

Front 131

A single layer of flat irregular cells would be described as _____ _______epithelium

Back 131

simple, squamous