A & P Ch. 12 - The Special Senses

Front 1

The purpose of the eye is to gather light from the environment and form an image on cells of the

Back 1

retina

Front 2

The nerve that carries impluses from the eye to the brain is the

Back 2

optic nerve

Front 3

The inner coat of the posterior wall of the eye is composed of the

Back 3

retina

Front 4

The outer wall of the eye consists of the cornea and the

Back 4

sclera

Front 5

The thin, watery fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye is

Back 5

aqueous humor

Front 6

The jellylike substance that fills the posterior cavity of the eye is called

Back 6

Vitreous humor

Front 7

The posterior chamber of the eye lies between the iris and the

Back 7

lens

Front 8

The iris is composed of two layers of

Back 8

smooth muscle:
sphincter muscles - contract
dilator muscle - makes larger

Front 9

The pupil of the eye is an opening in the portion of the eye known as

Back 9

iris

Front 10

The transparent biconcave lens is found behind the

Back 10

pupil

Front 11

The suspensory ligment attaches the lens to the structure called the

Back 11

ciliary body
(mostly consists of ciliary muscle)

Front 12

The nervous layer of the retina consists of three layers of

Back 12

neurons

Front 13

The eyelids are covered on their surfaces by the mucous membrane called the

Back 13

conjunctiva
(folds over part of eyeball)

Front 14

Tears that bathe the eyeball and keep it moist are produced by the

Back 14

lacrimal apparatus (lacrimal glands)

Front 15

Twilight vision is concerned with those retinal cells known as

Back 15

rods

Front 16

Daylight vision and close, detailed vision are permitted by those retinal cells known as

Back 16

cones

Front 17

The place where most cones are concentrated is the

Back 17

fovea centralis

Front 18

The retinal cells in their greatest number at the outer edge of the retina are

Back 18

rods
(twilight, periphery vision)

Front 19

The optic disc contains no visual detectors and is therefore called the

Back 19

Blind spot

Front 20

The lobe of the brain where visual patterns are interpreted is the

Back 20

Occipital lobe

Front 21

The process of light focusing due to the elasticity of the lens is called the

Back 21

Accommodation

Front 22

The change of lens shape to focus objects at various distances is under the control of a muscle called the

Back 22

ciliary muscle

Front 23

Persons having a condition in which the two eyes do not work together in a coordinated way suffer from

Back 23

strabismus
(cross eyes)

Front 24

The correct term or nearsightedness is

Back 24

myopia

Front 25

Nearsightedness can be corrected by utilizing glasses having lenses that are

Back 25

biconcave

Front 26

The condition of farsightedness is correctly known as

Back 26

hyperopia

Front 27

Irregular curvature of the lens or cornea results in a disorder known as

Back 27

Astigmatism

Front 28

The sex linked genetic trait in which a person cannot detect certain colors is called

Back 28

colorblindness

Front 29

The major lobe of the brain in which hearing perception occurs is the

Back 29

temporal lobe

Front 30

The technical term or the eardrum is the

Back 30

tympanic membrane

Front 31

The middle ear bones, which transmit sound to the inner ear, are known as the

Back 31

Malleus
Incus and
Stapes

Front 32

The long, slender tube leading from the pharynx to the middle ear is the

Back 32

Eustachian tube

Front 33

The snail-like structure o the internal ear is called the

Back 33

cochlea

Front 34

Three qualities of sound waves are:

Back 34

Intensity
Pitch
Timbre

Front 35

Sound waves are transmitted from the middle ear bones to the membrane of the cochlea beneath the stapes called the

Back 35

Oval window

Front 36

In the cochlea, hair cells detect sound-produced pressure changes in a structure called the

Back 36

organ of Corti

Front 37

Sound induced nerve impulses are transmitted to the brain for interpretation over the cochlear branch of the nerve called the

Back 37

vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 38

The sense of taste is technically known as the

Back 38

Gustatory sense

Front 39

Taste buds are located on the upper surface of the tongue within tiny elevations called

Back 39

papillae

Front 40

The five primary tastes are

Back 40

sweet
sour
salty
umami (due to amino acid glutamate)
bitter

Front 41

The sensations of salt and sweet are detected on the portion of the tongue that is

Back 41

anterior

Front 42

Impulses of taste are transmitted to the brain over the facial nerve or the

Back 42

glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 43

The sense of smell is called the

Back 43

Olfactory sense

Front 44

The interpretations of smell are made in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum and in the

Back 44

frontal lobe

Front 45

Touch receptors in the skin are known as

Back 45

Merkel's disks

Front 46

Receptors that detect pressure and vibrations in the skin are called the

Back 46

Pacinian corpuscles

Front 47

Receptors on the skin that detect light and touch are called

Back 47

Meisner's corpuscles

Front 48

Receptors on the skin that detect pressure and vibrations are called

Back 48

Pacinian corpuscles

Front 49

How are sensations relayed to the brain

Back 49

via nerve impulses

Front 50

The sense of equilibrium is associated with the canals and passageways found in the

Back 50

Inner ear

Front 51

Each o the semicircular canals used in equilibrium connects with an outgrowth called the

Back 51

Utricle

Front 52

Maintaining posture depends on impulses arising in the semicircular can and using small bits of calcium carbonate called

Back 52

Otoliths