A & P

Front 1

tissue

Back 1

a group of similar cells that function together to carry out specialized activities and usually have a common embryonic origin

Front 2

histology

Back 2

the science that deals with the study of tissues

Front 3

pathologist

Back 3

a physician who specializes in laboratory studies of cells and tissues to help other physicians make accurate diagnoses

Front 4

epithelial tissue

Back 4

covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts; it also forms glands; consists of cells arranged in continuous sheets, in either single or multiple layers

Front 5

connective tissue

Back 5

protects and supports the body and its organs; various types of connective tissue bind organs together, store energy reserves as fat, and help provide immunity against disease-causing organisms

Front 6

muscle tissue

Back 6

generates the physical force needed to make body structures move

Front 7

nervous tissue

Back 7

detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generating nerve impulses that help maintain homeostasis

Front 8

cell junctions

Back 8

point of contact between plasma membranes of tissue cells

Front 9

apical (free) surface

Back 9

surface of an epithelial cell that faces the body surface, a body cavity, the lumen (interior space) of an internal organ, or a tubular duct that receives cell secretions

Front 10

lateral surfaces

Back 10

surfaces of an epithelial cell that face the adjacent cells on either side and may contain cell junctions

Front 11

basal surface

Back 11

surface of an epithelial cell that is opposite the apical surface and adheres to extracellular materials

Front 12

basement membrane

Back 12

a thin extracellular layer that commonly consists of two layers, the basal lamina and reticular lamina; also form a surface along which epithelial cells migrate during growth or wound healing, restrict passage of larger molecules between epithelium and connective tissue, and participate in filtration of blood in the kidneys

Front 13

basal lamina

Back 13

it is closer to the epithelial cells and is secreted by them; contains proteins such as collagen and laminin, as well as glycoproteins

Front 14

reticular lamina

Back 14

it is deep to the basal lamina and contains fibrous proteins produced by underlying connective tissue cells called fibroblasts

Front 15

avascular

Back 15

lacks its own blood supply

Front 16

covering and lining epithelium

Back 16

type of epithelial tissue that forms the outer covering of the skin and some internal organs; also forms inner lining of blood vessels, ducts, and body cavities, and the interior of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems; classified according to two characteristics: the arrangement of cells into layers and the shapes of the cells

Front 17

glandular epithelium

Back 17

type of epithelial tissue the constitutes the secreting portion of glands such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and sweat glands

Front 18

simple epithelium

Back 18

it is a single layer of cells of the covering and lining epithelia that functions in diffusion, filtration, secretion (the production and release of substances such as mucus, sweat, or enzymes), and absorption (the intake of fluids or other substances by cells, such as digested food from the intestinal tract).

Front 19

pseudostratified epithelium

Back 19

a layer of the covering and lining epithelia that appears to have multiple layers; cells that do extend to the apical surface may contain cilia, others (goblet cells) secrete mucus

Front 20

stratified epithelium

Back 20

a layer of the covering and lining epithelia; it consists of two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in locations where there is considerable wear and tear

Front 21

cell shapes of covering and lining epithelial tissue

Back 21

squamous cells, cuboidal cells, columnar cells, and transitional cells

Front 22

simple squamous epithelium

Back 22

tissue that consists of a single layer of flat cells that resembles a tiled floor when viewed from their apical surface; it is present at sites where filtration occurs or where diffusion takes place; it is not found in body areas that are subject to wear and tear

Front 23

endothelium

Back 23

the simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

Front 24

mesothelium

Back 24

the simple squamous epithelium that forms the epithelial layer of serous membranes

Front 25

simple cuboidal epithelium

Back 25

found in organs such as the thyroid gland and kidneys and performs the functions of secretion and absorption

Front 26

simple columnar epithelium

Back 26

exists in two forms: nonciliated simple columnar epithelium and ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Front 27

nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

Back 27

contains two types of cells: columnar epithelial cells with microvilli at their apical surface and goblet cells

Front 28

microvilli

Back 28

are microscopic fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane that increase cell surface area; their presence increases the rate of absorption by the cell

Front 29

goblet cells

Back 29

are modified columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucus at their apical surfaces; secreted mucus serves as a lubricant and protective covering for the linings of the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and most of the urinary tracts

Front 30

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Back 30

contains columnar epithelial cells with cilia at their apical surface; the cilia help move oocytes expelled from the ovaries through the uterine (fallopian) tubes into the uterus and move cerebrospinal fluid through the passageways in the central nervous system

Front 31

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Back 31

this tissue appears to have several layers because the nuclei of the cells are at various depths; when viewed from the side, it appears to look like a multilayered tissue; the cells that extend to the surface either secrete mucus or bear cilia; the mucus forms a film over the airway surface that traps foreign particles

Front 32

stratified epithelium

Back 32

has two or more layers of cells; it is more durable and can better protect underlying tissues; two forms are stratified squamous epithelium and transitional epithelium

Front 33

stratified squamous epithelium

Back 33

cells are flat; exists in both keratinized and nonkeritinized forms

Front 34

keratin

Back 34

a tough, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes, and chemicals

Front 35

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Back 35

apical layers are partially dehydrated and contain a layer of keratin; forms the superficial layer of the skin

Front 36

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Back 36

does not contain keratin in the apical layers and remains moist