Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
WHAT CELL STRUCTURES CAN BE SEEN UNDER A LIGHT MICROSCOPE?
|
cell membrane
cytoplasm lysosomes (+ other vacuoles) nucleus nucleolus inclusions |
|
WHAT CELL STRUCTURES CAN ONLY BE SEEN WITH AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE?
|
Golgi apparatus
centrioles(make up centrosome) endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes mitochondria |
|
MITOCHONDRION
|
where respiration takes place and energy is produced
|
|
NUCLEUS
|
DNA occurs in the nucleus within strands of chromatin
|
|
CYTOPLASM
|
gel-like fluid inside the cell
|
|
RIBOSOMES
|
sites where proteins are synthesized
|
|
THE CELL
|
smallest living system capable of independent survival.
basic unit of the body. groups of cells form tissues & several tissues are found within organs & a group of organs arrange a body system. |
|
CELL MEMBRANE
|
thin & flexible
made up or 2 layers of phospholipids-fatty molecules with phosphorus it is permeable only to certain substances (semi-permeable) |
|
PROTOPLASM
|
living matter within the cell & can be divided into the cytoplasm(majority of the cell) and the nucleoplasm(within the nucleus)
|
|
CYTOPLASM
|
contains various organelles - membrane bound structures with specific functions
|
|
MITOCHONDRIA (organelle)
|
contain enzymes to produce energy
|
|
GOLGI APPARATUS (organelle)
|
bag like structure involved with secretion
|
|
RIBOSOMES (organelle)
|
made of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and synthesize proteins
|
|
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (organelle)
|
tubes made up of membranes and contain fluid
1-Rough ER=have ribosomes and are involved with protein synthesis and transport 2-Smooth ER=no ribosomes and move proteins around the cell |
|
LYSOSOMES (organelle)
|
vacuoles (membrane bound pockets with cytoplasm) which contain digestive enzymes.
they can digest cellular debris or foreign material and in single cell animal breakdown large food molecules to provide nutrients for the cell |
|
CENTROSOME (organelle)
|
made of centrioles
acts as a spindle for the separation of chromosomes during cell division |
|
INCLUSIONS
(not strictly an organelle as have no membrane) |
accumulations of cell products within the cytoplasm-usually temporary
can be pigments-melanin found in melanocytes/haemosiderin found in cells clearing red blood cell debris |
|
NUCLEUS
|
membrane surrounding nucleoplasm
nearly all cells in the body have 1 or more nuclei nucleoplasm contains De-oxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which carries the genetic code for that animal DNA is tightly coiled into structures called chromosome and each of these carries many genes each gene codes for a different characteristic or function therefore they control inherited characteristics and activity within cytoplasm |
|
NUCLEOLUS
|
area within the nucleus where RNA molecules and enzymes are found
the DNA code is copied into smaller RNA molecules, which can cross the nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm these travel to the rough ER where the info in the TNA molecule is decoded and a new protein is made DNA -> RNA -> PROTEINS |
|
CELL DIVISION
mitosis |
most cells divide this way
2 daughter cells are produced which are identical to parent cell, identical to each other and identical in chromosome content to parent cell -some cells are continually dividing=intestinal cells -some cells divide periodically=some muscle cells -some cells never divide once formed=nerve cells |
|
CELL DIVISION
meiosis |
only occurs in the production of the sex cells - sperm and ova
it results in the formation of 4 daughter cells which are not identical to parent cells or to each other and contain only 1/2 number of chromosomes as parent cell. during meiosis there is a mixing of the genes which allows genetic variability |