A/p 1: 6 - Myology & Muscle Physiology

Front 1

Name 3 types of muscle tissue

Back 1

Non-striated muscle (smooth)
Striated cardiac muscle
Striated skeletal muscle

Front 2

What is another name for non-striated muscle?

Back 2

smooth muscle

Front 3

Which type of muscle tissue has cells that can divide?

Back 3

Smooth or Non-striated muscle

Front 4

Which muscle tissue is found in the visceral organs throughout the body?

Back 4

Smooth/Non-striated muscle

Front 5

Which muscle tissue exhibits short, spindle like cells with a centralized nucleus?

Back 5

Smooth/Non-striated muscle

Front 6

Which muscle tissue is comprised of long, branched fibers composed of many cells stacked end to end; that are too specialized to divide.

Back 6

Striated Cardiac Muscle

Front 7

Which muscle tissue is found in the wall of the heart?

Back 7

Striated Cardiac Muscle

Front 8

Which muscle tissue is composed of long fibers; each a multi-nucleated cell?

Back 8

Striated Skeletal Muscle

Front 9

Which of the 3 muscle tissues is generally a voluntary muscle?

Back 9

Striated Skeletal Muscle

Front 10

Which muscle tissue forms the powerfully contracting muscles of the musculoskeletal system?

Back 10

Striated Skeletal Muscle

Front 11

Which muscle tissue is identified by multiple nucleii that reside on the cell membrane (not as a central component of the cytosol) ?

Back 11

Striated Skeletal Muscle

Front 12

What are the 3 primary functions of muscle tissue?

Back 12

Movement
Heat Production
Support and Maintain Posture

Front 13

What are 2 types of muscle fibers when considering how they use oxygen (as discussed in lecture) ?

Back 13

Fast Twitch
Slow Twitch

Front 14

Which of the following best describes fast twitch muscle fibers?

a) Powerful muscles with weak endurance.
b) Weak muscles with extended endurance

Back 14

a) Powerful muscles with weak endurance.

Front 15

Which of the following best describes slow twitch muscle fibers?

a) Powerful muscles with weak endurance.
b) Weak muscles with extended endurance

Back 15

b) Weak muscles with extended endurance

Front 16

What is being described?

Reddish, meat-like.
Well vascularized
Contains many nerves
Where energy is used & produced

a) Muscle Belly
b) Tendon
c) Attachment Sites

Back 16

a) Muscle Belly

Front 17

What connects muscle to bone?

Back 17

Tendon

Front 18

What is being described?

Tough, glistening white sinews
Minimally vascularized
Consists primarily of parallel collagen fibers

a) Muscle Belly
b) Tendon
c) Attachment Sites

Back 18

b) Tendon

Front 19

What is Tendon is made of?

a) Simple squamous epithelium
b) Dense Regular Connective Tissue
c) Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Back 19

b) Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Front 20

True or False

The tissue that is the tendon runs throughout the muscle belly and into the periosteum of bone tissue

Back 20

True

Front 21

Which is usually the least mobile portion or area of a muscle?

a) Origin
b) Muscle Belly
c) Attachment

Back 21

a) Origin

Front 22

What is being described?

Origin is the fixed, and least mobile aspect.
Insertion is the mobile aspect.
Depending upon movement being performed, origin and insertion can change

a) Muscle Belly
b) Tendon
c) Attachments

Back 22

c) Attachments

Front 23

What is the name of a muscle cell or fiber?

Back 23

Striated skeletal myocyte

Front 24

Which of the following is active shortening component of a muscle?

a) Attachment site
b) Striated skeletal myocyte
c) Endomysium

Back 24

b) Striated skeletal myocyte

Front 25

What has fibers that vary in size, ranging from .1 - .5 micometers in diameter and from a few millimeters to over 30 centimeters in length?

Back 25

Striated skeletal myocyte

Front 26

What is another name for striated skeletal myocyte?

Back 26

Myofibril

Front 27

Which is loose connective tissue that forms an envelope around each muscle fiber?

a) Endomysium
b) Perimysium
c) Epimysium

Back 27

a) Endomysium

Front 28

Which has space for blood & nerve supply?

a) Endomysium
b) Perimysium
c) Epimysium

Back 28

a) Endomysium

Front 29

What is the name of the layer that surrounds the individual muscle fiber?

Back 29

Endomysium

Front 30

Which is dense irregular connective tissue that forms an envelope around the fasiculus?

a) Endomysium
b) Perimysium
c) Epimysium

Back 30

b) Perimysium

Front 31

Which layer gives strength to a bundle of muscle fibers?

Back 31

Perimysium

Front 32

What is the name of the layer that surrounds the fasiculus?

Back 32

Perimysium

Front 33

Which is dense irregular connective tissue that forms the wrapper around bundles of fasiculi to form the belly of an individual muscle?

a) Endomysium
b) Perimysium
c) Epimysium

Back 33

c) Epimysium

Front 34

Which layer is the one that wraps around and defines each muscle?

Back 34

Epimysium

Front 35

What do we call dense irregular connective tissue that wraps around a region of muscles in the body?

Back 35

Fascia

Front 36

Similarly acting muscles are grouped by a wrapper of tissue called the _________________

Back 36

Fascia

Front 37

List the components of muscle from interior to exterior.

a) Fascia, Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium, Myofibril

b) Myofibril, Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium, Fascia

c) Myofibril, Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium, Fascia

d) Myofibril, Perimysium, Endomysium, Epimysium, Fascia

Back 37

c) Myofibril, Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium, Fascia

Front 38

True or False

The dense irregular CTP of the muscle belly tapers towards the tendons and becomes dense regular CTP as it approaches the origin/attachment sites.

Back 38

True

Front 39

As the tendon of a muscle contacts bone, some of its collagen fibers become part of the _____________.

a) Trabecula
b) Perimysium
c) Periosteum

Back 39

c) Periosteum

Front 40

The single or multi-directional arrangements of the fasiculi refer to what:

a) Muscle Shape
b) Pennations
c) Myofibrilositiciousness

Back 40

b) Pennations

Front 41

Which is more powerful?

a) Pennate
b) Bi-pennate
c) Multi-pennate

Back 41

c) Multi-pennate

Front 42

Which is more flexible?

a) Pennate
b) Bi-pennate
c) Multi-pennate

Back 42

a) Pennate

Front 43

What is the basic functional unit of the contractile system of the skeletal system?

a) Sarcomere
b) Myofibril
c) Myosin molecules

Back 43

a) Sarcomere

Front 44

What is the dense molecular region where bridging protiens connect to the ends of actin molecules?

a) A-band
b) I-band
c) Z-disc

Back 44

c) Z-disc

Front 45

Which section of a myofibril contains the Myosin molecule?

a) A-band
b) I-band
c) Z-disc

Back 45

a) A-band

Front 46

Which section contains only a portion of the thin actin molecules?

a) A-band
b) I-band
c) Z-disc

Back 46

b) I-band

Front 47

Which filament is the myosin molecule that consists of a myosin head and tail?

Back 47

Thick filament

Front 48

Which filament is made of actin molecules?

Back 48

Thin filaments

Front 49

Which filament changes its shape in response to changes in TTC?

Back 49

Thick filament

Front 50

What is the name of the "door" that covers the molecular binding sites of the actin molecules?

Back 50

Troponin-Tropomyosin Complex
-or-
TTC

Front 51

What is TTC an acronym for?

Back 51

Troponin-Tropomyosin Complex

Front 52

Which of the following relaxes and exposes molecular binding sites in the presence of calcium?

a) Myosin
b) Actin
c) Troponin-Tropomyosin Complex/TTC

Back 52

c) TTC

Front 53

What is made up of a muscle cell and a motor neuron?

Back 53

Neuromuscular Junction

Front 54

What is being described?

Permeable muscle cell membrane allows calcium to rush in and bind to the TTC, pulling it away from the actin receptor sites which causes the myosin heads to react and bind to the actin molecules causing a shape change that pulls the actin filaments at either end of the myosin filament closer together.

Back 54

Muscle contraction

Front 55

What is the energy component that is responsible for the ability of a cell membrane to allow calcium to rush in and then flush the calcium out?

Back 55

ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate)