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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Some improvements around 1100 included |
Monarchs building strong central government, better farming methods, towns and trade began to grow |
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The point of the crusade wars was to |
Free the holy lands in the middle east |
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Crusade wars were carried out by who |
The Christians |
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The first crusade |
Muslims conquered lands around Jerusalem and Palestine. First they allowed Christian pilgrims to visit the holy lands. |
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The first crusade |
Muslims conquered lands around Jerusalem and Palestine. First they allowed Christian pilgrims to visit the holy lands. |
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Group that took over in the 1200s that threatened the pilgrimages and the Byzantine |
Seljuk Turks |
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Byzantine empire went where for help |
The pope |
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Byzantine empire went where for help |
The pope |
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How did the first crusade begin? |
Pope urban ll urged the Christians of Western Europe to recapture Palestine from the Seljuks |
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Second crusade |
Took place about fifty years later after the Seljuks conquered part of the crusader states in Palestine. Lasted from 1147-1149 and was unsuccessful |
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Third crusade/kings crusade |
1187, Saladin United Muslims forces and and captured in Jerusalem. Also unsuccessful |
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Christian forces were led by |
Frederick Barbarossa, Philip Augustus, Richard the lionhearted |
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Holy roman emperor during third crusade |
Frederick Barbarossa |
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Holy roman emperor during third crusade |
Frederick Barbarossa |
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King of France during third crusade |
Philip Augustus |
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King of England during third crusade |
Richard the lionhearted |
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At the end of the crusade, Richard was the only king that was fighting, and signed a truce with who |
Saladin |
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Some positive effects of the crusades were |
Broadened view of the world, increased trade around the Mediterranean, new demand of luxury goods, improved technology, improved weapons |
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Some positive effects of the crusades were |
Broadened view of the world, increased trade around the Mediterranean, new demand of luxury goods, improved technology, improved weapons |
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Negative effects of the crusades |
United the Muslims against a common enemy - Western European Christians |
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Plague hit Europe horribly between 1348 and 1350 killing how much of the population |
1/3 |
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Plague hit Europe horribly between 1348 and 1350 killing how much of the population |
1/3 |
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The plague was also known as |
Black Death |
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Middle class I'm Germany was called |
Burghers |
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Middle class I'm Germany was called |
Burghers |
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Middle class in France was called |
Bourgeoisie |
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Middle class I'm Germany was called |
Burghers |
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Middle class in France was called |
Bourgeoisie |
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England middle class was called |
Burgesses |
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The center of trade in Europe's northern coast |
Flanders |
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Towns along the Baltic formed what |
The hanseatic league |
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Controlled education |
The clergy |
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Most medieval universities studied the works of |
Aristotle |
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The system of thought that was developed by aristotle's philosophy and theological questions |
Scholasticism |
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One of the most important scholastic thinkers who was a brilliant theologian and philosopher who taught philosophy in Paris and Naples |
Thomas aquinas |
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What did Thomas aquinas claim? |
Reason was a gift from God that could provide answers to basic philosophical questions. The Catholic Church accepted aquinas' way of teaching |
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Wrote Summa Theologica which was a summary of religious thought |
Aquinas |
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Late medieval literature was increasingly written in |
Vernacular |
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A poem that discusses medieval ideas of life after death by describing an imaginary journey from hell to heaven |
Dante Alighieri |
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Describes a group of pilgrims representing people of all various classes and occupations who tell stories to amuse each other on their way to shrine in Canterbury, England |
Geoffrey Chaucer |
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Early medieval churches were built in a style called |
Romanesque. They had thick walls, columns set close together, heavy curved arches, and small windows |
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About 1150 French architects began to build Ina new style called what that replaced romanesque |
Gothic |
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The Hundred Years' War was fought between who over what |
France and England for control of French territory |
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Early battles fought on French soul were won by who. They had a smaller population |
England |
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Early battles fought on French soul were won by who. They had a smaller population |
England |
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One particularly brutal war was |
Agincourt |
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A young peasant women who helped France turn the war around in 1429 |
Joan of arc |
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Who allowed Joan to be captured by the English and burned at the stake |
The French king, Charles Vll |
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This person strengthened the bureaucracy, kept nobles under royal control, and promoted trade and agriculture |
Louis Xl |
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York against Lancaster war that was also the civil war |
War of roses |
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He became known as the czar and Russia became the center of what church |
Ivan lll, Eastern Orthodox Church |
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He became known as the czar and Russia became the center of what church |
Ivan lll, Eastern Orthodox Church |
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The rise of monarchies did what to the church |
It weakened to |
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From 1315 to 1377, popes lived in Avignon, France, to escape the civil wars that were disrupting Italy |
Babylonian captivity |
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People became concerned that what country would have too much influence over the church |
France |
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People concerned about France having too much influence over the church led to what |
The great schism |
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This person criticized the church's teachings, their wealth, and corruption. |
John Wycliffe |
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Some things that John Wycliffe said and did |
Said the bible, not the pope, was the main source of religious truth. He began to translate the bible from Latin into English so people could read if for themselves |
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A man burned at the stake as a heretic because he called for change based on biblical principles |
John huss |
