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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acid |
A species that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution |
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Activation energy |
The minimum energy required to start a reaction by breaking of bonds |
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Actual yield |
The amount of product obtained from a reaction |
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Addition polymerisation |
Formation of a very long molecular chain by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers) |
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Addition reaction |
A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a one saturated molecule. |
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Adsorption |
The process that occurs when a gas or liquid or solute is held to the surface of a solid |
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Alicyclic |
Containing carbon atoms joined together in a ring that is not aromatic |
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Aliphatic |
Containing carbon atoms joined together in unbranched (straight ) or branched chains |
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Alkali |
A type of base that dissolves in water to release hydroxide ions OH- |
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Alkanes |
The hydrocarbon homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2 |
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Alkenes |
The hydrocarbon homologous series with one double carbon-to-carbon bonds and the general formula Cn H2n |
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Alkyl group |
A side chain formed by removing a hydrogen atom removed from an alkanes parent chain. Any alkyl group is often shown as R |
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Alkynes |
The hydrocarbon homologous series with one triple carbon-carbon bond and general formula Cn H2n-2 |
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Amount of substance (n) |
The quantity whose unit if the mole. Chemists use amount of substance as a means of counting atoms |
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Anhydrous |
Containing no water molecules |
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Anion |
A negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons |
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Aromatic |
Containing one or !more benzene rings. |
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Atom economy |
(Sum of molar masses of desired products)/(sum of molar masses of all products) ×100% |
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Atomic number Z |
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (also proton number) |
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Atomic orbital |
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins |
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Average bond enthalpy |
The average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission one mole of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species. |
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Avogadro constant |
6.02×10^23 the number of atoms per mole of carbon-12 |
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Avogadro's hypothesis |
Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules |
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Base |
A compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt |
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Binary compound |
A compound containing two elements only |
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Bond angle |
The able between two bonds at an atom (109.5) |
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Bonded pair |
A pair of electrons sheared between two atoms to make a covalent bond |
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Carbocation |
An ion that contains a positively charged carbon atom |
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Catalyst |
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process. A catalyst provides an alternative route |
