A+ Guide To Software Chapter 4-6

Front 1

In Windows NT/ 2000/XP,
an account that grants to the administrator(s)
rights and permissions to all hardware and software
resources, such as the right to add, delete,
and change accounts and to change hardware
configurations.

Back 1

Administrator

Front 2

A Windows 2000/XP user account
that can back up and restore any files on the system
regardless of its having access to these files.

Back 2

Backup Operators

Front 3

A text file containing a series of OS commands.
Autoexec.bat is a ______ file.

Back 3

Batch file

Front 4

An administrator account and
a guest account that are set up when Windows
NT/2000/XP is first installed.

Back 4

Built-in user accounts

Front 5

A group of clusters used to hold a single file.

Back 5

chain

Front 6

To store data in a file, folder, or logical
drive using a coding format that reduces the size
of files in order to save space on a drive or shorten
transport time when sending a file over the
Internet or network.

Back 6

compression

Front 7

Errors caused when more than
one file points to a cluster, and the files appear to
share the same disk space, according to the file
allocation table.
crossover cable A cable used

Back 7

cross-linked clusters

Front 8

To “optimize” or rewrite a file to a disk
in one contiguous chain of clusters, thus speeding
up data retrieval.

Back 8

defragment

Front 9

A limit placed on the amount of disk
space that is available to users. Requires a
Windows 2000/XP NTFS volume.

Back 9

disk quotas

Front 10

A Windows XP disk
created to be used in the event the user forgets the
user account password to the system.

Back 10

Forgotten password floppy disk

Front 11

The distribution of data files on
a hard drive or floppy disk such that they are
stored in noncontiguous clusters.

Back 11

fragmentation

Front 12

A file that has been written to different
portions of the disk so that it is not in
contiguous clusters.

Back 12

fragmented files

Front 13

Sometimes called a domain user
account, the account is used at the domain level,
created by an administrator, and stored in the
SAM (security accounts manager) database on
a Windows 2000 or Windows 2003 domain
controller.

Back 13

global user accounts

Front 14

A roaming user profile that
applies to all users in a user group, and individual
users cannot change that profile

Back 14

mandatory user profile

Front 15

A group of user profiles. All profiles in
the group can be changed by changing the group
profile

Back 15

group profile

Front 16

A user who has limited permissions on
a system and cannot make changes to it.

Back 16

guest user

Front 17

Windows XP user accounts known as
Users in Windows NT/2000, which have readwrite
access only on their own folders, read-only
access to most system folders, and no access to
other users’ data.

Back 17

limited users

Front 18

A Windows XP feature that
allows a support technician at a remote location
to have full access to the Windows XP desktop.

Back 18

Remote Assistance

Front 19

A user account that applies only
to a local computer and cannot be used to access
resources from other computers on the network

Back 19

local user account

Front 20

File fragments that, according to the
file allocation table, contain data that does not
GLOSSARY 717
belong to any file. The command CHKDSK/F can
free these fragments. Also called lost allocation
units.

Back 20

lost allocation units or lost clusters

Front 21

A Windows XP feature that
allows a support technician at a remote location
to have full access to the Windows XP desktop.

Back 21

Remote Assistance

Front 22

A user profile for a roaming
user. ____ are stored on a server
so that the user can access the profile from anywhere
on the network.

Back 22

roaming user profile

Front 23

The information, stored in the SAM
database, that defines a Windows NT/ 2000/XP
user, including username, password, memberships,
and rights.

Back 23

user account

Front 24

A Windows XP
utility that helps you migrate user files and preferences
from one computer to another in order to
help a user make a smooth transition from one
computer to another.

Back 24

User State Migration Tool (USMT)

Front 25

A*or ? character used in a command line
that represents a character or group of characters
in a filename or extension.

Back 25

wildcard

Front 26

A protected processing
mode used by Windows NT/2000/XP to process
programs written in 32-bit code early in the boot
process.

Back 26

32-bit flat memory mode

Front 27

A Windows 2000/XP
menu that appears when you press F8 when
Windows starts. The menu can be used to troubleshoot
problems when loading Windows
2000/XP.

Back 27

advanced options menu

Front 28

A Windows NT/2000/XP error that displays
against a blue screen and causes the system
to halt. Also called a stop error.

Back 28

blue screen of death (bosod)

Front 29

A Windows NT/2000/XP hidden text file
that contains information needed to start the boot
and build the boot loader menu.

Back 29

boot.ini

Front 30

A Windows 2000 process
that restores the OS to its state at the completion
of a successful installation.

Back 30

emergency repair process

Front 31

In Windows NT/2000/XP, a simplified
file system that is started so that Ntldr (NT
Loader) can read files from any file system the
OS supports.

Back 31

minifile system

Front 32

A Windows 2000/XP command
interface utility and OS that can be used to solve
problems when Windows cannot load from the
hard drive.

Back 32

recovery console

Front 33

An error severe enough to cause the operating
system to stop all processes.

Back 33

stop error

Front 34

A Windows Me/XP utility, similar to
the ScanReg tool in earlier versions of Windows,
that is used to restore the system to a restore point.

Back 34

system restore

Front 35

A startup text file once used by DOS
and used by Windows to provide backwardcompatibility.
It executes commands automatically
during the boot process and is used to
create a16-bit environment.

Back 35

autoexec.bat

Front 36

A text file containing a series of OS commands.
Autoexec.bat is a batch file.

Back 36

batch file

Front 37

For DOS and Windows, a floppy disk
that can upload the OS files necessary for computer
startup. For DOS or Windows 9x/Me, it must contain
the files Io.sys, Msdos.sys, and Command.com.

Back 37

bootable disk

Front 38

A command given
at the command prompt that changes the default
directory, for example CD \Windows.

Back 38

cd change directory command

Front 39

DOS and Windows 9x/Me
memory addresses between 0 and 640 K. Also
called base memory.

Back 39

conventional memory

Front 40

A command window.

Back 40

dos box

Front 41

A floppy disk that can be used to start
up a computer when the hard drive fails to boot.

Back 41

emergency startup disk (esd)

Front 42

A DOS and Windows 9x/Me utility
that provides access to upper memory for 16-bit
device drivers and other software.

Back 42

emm386.exe

Front 43

Memory above 1024 K used in
a DOS or Windows 9x/Me system.

Back 43

extended memory

Front 44

Commands that have their own
program files.

Back 44

external commands

Front 45

A file that has been written to different
portions of the disk so that it is not in
contiguous clusters.

Back 45

fragmented files

Front 46

A file that is not displayed in a directory
list. Whether to hide or display a file is one of the
file’s attributes kept by the OS.

Back 46

hidden file

Front 47

In DOS or Windows
9x/Me, the first 64K of extended memory.

Back 47

high memory area (HMA)

Front 48

The DOS and Windows 9x/Me memory
manager extension that allowed access to memory
addresses above 1 MB.

Back 48

himem.sys

Front 49

Commands that are embedded in
the Command.com file.

Back 49

internal commands

Front 50

An area of memory that is treated as
though it were a hard drive, but works much faster
than a hard drive. The Windows 9x/Me startup
disk uses a RAM drive. Compare to virtual
memory.

Back 50

Ram Drive

Front 51

A floppy disk that can be used to start
up a computer when the hard drive fails to boot.
Also called emergency startup disk (ESD) or
startup disk.

Back 51

rescue disk, startup disk, emergency startup disk

Front 52

In DOS and Windows 9x/Me, the
memory addresses from 640 K up to 1024 K, originally
reserved for BIOS, device drivers, and TSRs.

Back 52

upper memory

Front 53

Windows terminology for a bootable disk.

Back 53

system disk

Front 54

A program that
is loaded into memory and remains dormant until
called on, such as a screen saver or a memoryresident
antivirus program.

Back 54

terminate-and-stay-resident (TSR)

Front 55

In DOS and Windows
9x/Me, a group of consecutive memory addresses
in RAM from 640 K to 1MB that can be used by
16-bit device drivers and TSRs.

Back 55

Upper memory block (UMB

Front 56

1. You cannot set disk quotas if you are using NTFS.

Back 56

F

Front 57

2. A stop error is an error so drastic it causes Windows to hang or lock up.

Back 57

T

Front 58

3. In DOS and Windows 9x/Me, Emm386.exe manages the memory addresses in upper memory.

Back 58

T

Front 59

4. The Sys command copies the Windows 9x/Me system files needed to boot to a disk or hard drive.

Back 59

T

Front 60

5. If you receive the "No boot device availab1e" error message, you should use F disk to examine the
partition table on the hard drive.

Back 60

T

Front 61

6. An account that is a member of the group can back up and restore any files on the system regardless
of their access privileges to these files.
a. Power User c. Backup Operator
b. Limited Users d. Guests

Back 61

c. Backup

Front 62

7. After an administrator creates a local user account and the user logs on for the first time, the system
creates a______ for that user. _
a. disk partition c. user profile
b. user name d. user setting

Back 62

c. user profile

Front 63

8. User names for Windows 2000/XP logon can consist of up to______ characters.
a. 10 c. 25
. b. 15 d. 35

Back 63

b. 15

Front 64

9. Passwords for Windows 2000/XP logon can be up to______ characters.
a. 6 c. 81
b. 25 d. 127

Back 64

127

Front 65

10. With Windows 2000, the only way to log on to the system is by pressing the_____ keys to open the logon
window.
a. Ctr1+Esc A c. Shift+A1t
b. A1t+Shift+Del d. Ctrl+Alt+Del

Back 65

d. Ctrl+Alt+Del

Front 66

11. To open the Command Prompt window, click Start, click Run, and enter_____ in the Run dialog box.
a. Cmd c. nWin
b. Prt d. DOS

Back 66

a. Cmd

Front 67

12. The____ is a wildcard for one or more characters.
a. asterisk (*) c. question mark (?)
b. slash (/) » d. pound sign (#)

Back 67

a. asterisk (*)

Front 68

13. Windows 2000/XP volume, folder, and file compression can be done using the___ command at the
command prompt.
a. Shorten c. Defrag
b. Compress d. Compact

Back 68

d. Compact

Front 69

14._____ is a 16-bit real mode program that queries the computer for time and date and surveys hardware.
a. Ntldr c. Boot sector program
b. Ntdetect.com d. MBR program

Back 69

b. Ntdetect.com

Front 70

15. The Advanced Options Menu is accessed by pressing the____ key when Windows first starts to load.
a. F2 c. F8
b. F5 d. F10

Back 70

c. F8

Front 71

16. Boot logging logs events to the____ file to investigate the source of an unknown startup error.
a. Ntbackup.txt c. Cacls.txt
b. Ntbtlog.txt d. Cipher.txt

Back 71

b. Ntbtlog.txt

Front 72

17.____ is used with an NTFS file system to display and change the compressions applied to files and
folders.
a. Cipher.exe c. Win32k.sys
b. Compact.exe d. Cacls.exe

Back 72

. Compact.exe

Front 73

18. When you load Windows 2000/XP in Safe Mode, all files used for the load are recorded in the____ file.
a. Ntbackup.txt c. Cacls.txt
b. Ntbtlog.txt d. Cipher.txt

Back 73

b. Ntbtlog.txt

Front 74

19. When you boot with the_____ option, Windows 2000/XP loads normally and you access the regular
desktop; however, all files used during the load process are recorded in a file, C:\Windows\Ntbtlog.txt.
a. Safe Mode with Networking c. Enable Boot Logging
b. Safe Mode d. Enable VGA Mode

Back 74

Enable Boot Logging

Front 75

20. The____ is a command-driven operating system that does not use a GUI.
a. Recovery Console c. Emergency Repair Process
b. Advanced Options d. System Restore

Back 75

Recovery Console

Front 76

21. The_____ command of the Recovery Console displays or changes the current folder.
a. Batch c. Cls
b. Cd d. Del

Back 76

b. Cd

Front 77

22. The_____ command of the Recovery Console sets the current directory to the directory where Windows
2000/XP is installed.
a. Mkdir c. Cls
b. Map d. Systemroot

Back 77

Systemroot

Front 78

23. Tasks scheduled to launch at startup are placed in the_____ folder.
a. C:\Windows\Tasks
b. C:\Start Menu\Tasks
c. C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Tasks
d. C:\Documents and Settings\Windows\Tasks

Back 78

C:\Windows\Tasks

Front 79

24. Windows 2000/XP stores all installed fonts in the____ folder.
a. C:\Windows\Applications\Fonts
b. C:\Windows\Fonts
c. C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Fonts
d. C:\Docurnents and Settings\Wir1dows\Fonts

Back 79

C:\Windows\Fonts

Front 80

25. A_____ is a temporary holding area for files.
a. high memory area c. buffer
b. hidden file d. bootable disk

Back 80

buffer

Front 81

A ____file is a text file that contains a series of commands that are executed in order.
a. batch c. register
b. RAM d. system

Back 81

batch

Front 82

27. The Path command of the Autoexec.bat file lists multiple paths, separated by____ .
a. periods c. commas
b. slashes d. semicolons

Back 82

semicolons

Front 83

28. The_______ command of the Autoexec.bat file is used to create and assign a value to an environmental
variable.
a. Assign c. Var
b. Set d. Path

Back 83

Set

Front 84

29. The________ command of the Autoexec.bat file turns on and off the displaying of commands and messages.
a. Echo c. Restart
b. Set d. Display

Back 84

Echo

Front 85

30. Memory addresses above 1024K are called___ memory.
a. system c. extended
b. virtual d. peripheral

Back 85

extended

Front 86

3 l.____ is considered a device driver because it manages memory as a device.
a. Emm386.exe c. Io.sys
b. Himem.sys d. Msdos.sys

Back 86

Himem.sys

Front 87

32._____ helps control the keyboard and monitor, providing color on the monitor and an additional set of
characters to the ASCII character set.
a. Ansi.sys c. Io.sys
b. Himem.sys d. Msdos.sys

Back 87

Ansi.sys

Front 88

33. Under DOS, a filename can contain up to_____ characters.
a. 6 c. 164
b. 8 d. 255

Back 88

8

Front 89

34. The_____ is a wildcard for more than one character.
a. asterisk (*) c. ampersand (&)
b. slash (O d. question mark (‘?)

Back 89

asterisk (*)

Front 90

35. A floppy disk with enough software to load an operating system is called a(n)_____ disk.
a. bootable c. startup
b. rescue d. operating

Back 90

bootable

Front 91

A profile that applies to a group of users is called a(n)_________ .

Back 91

GROUP PROFILE

Front 92

The_____ command follows the same general command-source-destination format as
the Copy command, but offers several more options.

Back 92

xcopy

Front 93

A file with a .bat file extension is called a(n)_______ file.

Back 93

batch

Front 94

________occurs when a single file is placed in clusters that are not right next to each
other.

Back 94

fragmentation

Front 95

Ntldr launches the_________ drivers so files can be read from either a FAT or NTFS file
system on the hard drive.

Back 95

minifile system

Front 96

The Device Driver________ tool is used to replace a driver with the one that worked
before the current driver was installed.

Back 96

rollback

Front 97

42. The Windows XP_____ utility can be used to restore the system state to its condition
at the time a restore point was made.

Back 97

system restore

Front 98

The Windows 9x/Me operating system is built on a(n)_______ core.

Back 98

dos

Front 99

A(n)______ file is a file that does not appear in the directory list.

Back 99

hidden

Front 100

The process of assigmng memory addresses to programs is called_________ .

Back 100

memory mapping

Front 101

Defines a user to Windows and records information about the user
a. Norton Utilities f. SpinRite
b. global user account g. local user account
c. Del h. Dir
d. user account i. Mkdir
e. user group

Back 101

user account

Front 102

Allows a user access to only one computer
a. Norton Utilities f. SpinRite
b. global user account g. local user account
c. Del h. Dir
d. user account i. Mkdir
e. user group

Back 102

g. local user account

Front 103

Allows a user to log on to any computer on the networked domain
a. Norton Utilities f. SpinRite
b. global user account g. local user account
c. Del h. Dir
d. user account i. Mkdir
e. user group

Back 103

b. global user account

Front 104

A predefined set of permissions and rights assigned to user accounts
a. Norton Utilities f. SpinRite
b. global user account g. local user account
c. Del h. Dir
d. user account i. Mkdir
e. user group

Back 104

e. user group

Front 105

A corrnnand that erases files or groups of files
a. Norton Utilities f. SpinRite
b. global user account g. local user account
c. Del h. Dir
d. user account i. Mkdir
e. user group

Back 105

Del

Front 106

Developed by Symantec; offers several easy—to-use tools to prevent damage to a hard drive, recover data from a damaged hard drive, and improve system performance
a. Norton Utilities f. SpinRite
b. global user account g. local user account
c. Del h. Dir
d. user account i. Mkdir
e. user group

Back 106

Norton Utilities

Front 107

Developed by Gibson Research; analyzes the entire hard drive surface, performing data recovery of
corrupted files and file system information
a. Norton Utilities f. SpinRite
b. global user account g. local user account
c. Del h. Dir
d. user account i. Mkdir
e. user group

Back 107

SpinRite

Front 108

Windows core component program
a. Bootsect.dos f. Ntldr
b. Ntdl1.dll g. Program Compatibility Wizard
c. Ha1.dll h. Boot.ini
d. SC i. Safe Mode
e. Ntoskmlexe

Back 108

. Ntoskmlexe

Front 109

A hidden text file that contains information about installed OSs on the hard drive
a. Bootsect.dos f. Ntldr
b. Ntdl1.dll g. Program Compatibility Wizard
c. Ha1.dll h. Boot.ini
d. SC i. Safe Mode
e. Ntoskmlexe

Back 109

h. Boot.ini

Front 110

Responsible for loading an OS other than Windows 2000/XP
a. Bootsect.dos f. Ntldr
b. Ntdl1.dll g. Program Compatibility Wizard
c. Ha1.dll h. Boot.ini
d. SC i. Safe Mode
e. Ntoskmlexe

Back 110

Bootsect.dos

Front 111

Hardware abstraction layer

a. Bootsect.dos f. Ntldr
b. Ntdl1.dll g. Program Compatibility Wizard
c. Ha1.dll h. Boot.ini
d. SC i. Safe Mode
e. Ntoskmlexe

Back 111

c. Ha1.dll

Front 112

Intermediating service to executive services; provides many support ftmctions

a. Bootsect.dos f. Ntldr
b. Ntdl1.dll g. Program Compatibility Wizard
c. Ha1.dll h. Boot.ini
d. SC i. Safe Mode
e. Ntoskmlexe

Back 112

Ntdl1.dll

Front 113

Used to resolve issues that prevent legacy software from working in Windows XP

a. Bootsect.dos f. Ntldr
b. Ntdl1.dll g. Program Compatibility Wizard
c. Ha1.dll h. Boot.ini
d. SC i. Safe Mode
e. Ntoskmlexe

Back 113

Program Compatibility Wizard

Front 114

Loads the Windows desktop with a minimum configuration

a. Bootsect.dos f. Ntldr
b. Ntdl1.dll g. Program Compatibility Wizard
c. Ha1.dll h. Boot.ini
d. SC i. Safe Mode
e. Ntoskmlexe

Back 114

safemode

Front 115

Used to stop or start a service that runs in the background

a. Bootsect.dos f. Ntldr
b. Ntdl1.dll g. Program Compatibility Wizard
c. Ha1.dll h. Boot.ini
d. SC i. Safe Mode
e. Ntoskmlexe

Back 115

SC