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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Edema is excess accumulation of fluid in the:
a) intracellular compartment b) extracellular compartment c) intravascular compartment d) interstitial fluids |
interstitial fluids
fluid that is between the cells & blood vessels |
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Localized edema occurs as a result of?
Name 3 |
traumatic injury from accidents or surgery
a local inflammatory process burns |
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Generalized edema is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the ______ space throughout the body.
This occurs as a result of conditions such as? Name 3 |
interstitial space
cardiac failure renal failure liver failure |
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Generalized edema is also known as?
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Anasarca
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Total body fluid amounts to about ___% of body weight?
a) 10% b) 20% c) 60% d) 80% |
60%
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Body cells must have fluids & electrolytes in the right compartments & in the right amounts to function properly.
Name the 4 body compartments. |
Intracellular
extracellular Intravascular Interstitial |
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All fluids inside the cells are referred to as:
a) intracellular fluid b) extracellular fluid c) intravascular fluid d) interstitial fluid |
intracellular fluid
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All fluids outside the cells are referred to as:
a) intracellular fluid b) extracellular fluid c) intravascular fluid d) interstitial fluid |
extracellular fluid
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FLuid that is within blood vessels is referred to as:
a) intracellular fluid b) extracellular fluid c) intravascular fluid d) interstitial fluid |
intravascular fluid
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Fluid that is between the cells & blood vessels is referred to as?
a) intracellular fluid b) extracellular fluid c) intravascular fluid d) interstitial fluid |
interstitial fluid
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Each body fluid ______ has a particular composition of electrolytes that are different from other compartments. Body cells must have fluids & electrolytes in the right compartments & in the right amounts.
Whenever an electrolyte moves out of a cell, another electrolyte moves in to ______? These compartments are separated by ___________? |
compartment
take it's place semipermeable membranes |
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The accumulation & sequestration of trapped extracellular fluid in an actual or potential body space as a result of disease or injury is called?
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Third-spacing
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Trapped fluid, also known as third-spacing, represents_____ & is ____ for normal physiological precesses:
a)fluid vol loss & available b)fluid vol excess & available c) fluid vol loss & unavailable d) fluid vol excess & unavailable |
fluid vol loss & unavailable
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Body fluid that is difficult to assess & may not be reflected in weight changes or I & O records & may not become apparant until after organ malfunction occurs is?
a) Intracellular b) extracellular c) intravascular d) interstitial |
intravascular
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A loss of ___% of body fluid in an adult is serious & a loss of ___% is fatal:
a) 5% / 10% b) 10% / 20% c) 15% / 20% d) 20% / 30% |
10% / 20%
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Interstitial fluids are separated from intravascular fluids by ____ permeable cell membranes.
a) permeable b) selectivley The greater the number of particles in the concentrated solution, the ____ pull there will be to move the ____ through the membrane. a) more / particles b) less / particles c) more / water d) less / water |
"selectively"
Interstitial fluids are separated from intravascular fluids by SELECTIVELY permeable cell membranes. " more / water" The greater the number of particles in the concentrated solution, the MORE pull there will be to move the WATER through the membrane. |
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If the body loses more electrolytes than fluids, as with diarrhea, then the ____ fluid will contain fewer electrolytes or less solute than the ____.
a) extracellular/intracellular b) intracellular/extracellular |
extracellular / intracellular
If the body loses more electrolytes than fluids as with diarrhea, then the EXTRACELLULAR fluid will contain fewer electrolytes or less solute than the INTRACELLULAR. |
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When solutions on both sides of a selectively permeable membrane establish equallibrium they are?
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isotonic
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When a solution has a lower concentration of salt or solutes than other solutions it is?
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hypotonic
has less salt or more water than a isotonic solution |
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A solution with a higher concentration of solutes than another solution it is?
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hypertonic
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Identify the hypotonic solution:
a) 10% dextrose in water b) 5% dextrose in 0.225% saline c) 0.9% saline d) 0.45% saline |
0.45% saline
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Identify the hypertonic solution:
a) 10% dextrose in water b) 5% dextrose in 0.225% saline c) 0.9% saline d) 0.45% saline |
10% dextrose in water
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Identify the 2 different isotonic solutions:
a) 10% dextrose in water b) 5% dextrose in 0.225% saline c) 0.9% saline d) 0.45% saline |
5% dextrose in 0.225% saline
0.9% saline |
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All of the following are hypertonic solutions except:
a) 10% dextrose in water b) 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline c) 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline d) 5% dextrose in 0.225% saline |
5% dextrose in 0.225% saline
(this is isotonic) |
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All of the following are isotonic solutions except:
a) 0.9% saline b) 10% dextrose in water c) 5% dextrose in LR d) 5% dextrose in 0.225% saline |
5% dextrose in LR
(this is hypertonic) |
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Identify the approximate daily amount of body fluid lost or excreted by diffusion from the skin:
a) 400ml b) 100ml c) 350 ml d) 150 ml e) 1500ml |
400ml
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Identify the approximate daily amount of body fluid lost or excreted by perspiration from the skin:
a) 400ml b) 100ml c) 350 ml d) 150 ml e) 1500ml |
100ml
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Identify the approximate daily amount of body fluid lost or excreted by the lungs:
a) 400ml b) 100ml c) 350 ml d) 150 ml e) 1500ml |
350 ml
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Identify the approximate daily amount of body fluid lost or excreted by feces:
a) 400ml b) 100ml c) 350 ml d) 150 ml e) 1500ml |
150 ml
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Identify the approximate daily amount of body fluid lost or excreted by the kidneys:
a) 500ml b) 1000ml c) 1500ml d) 2000ml e) 2500ml |
1500ml
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Water enters the body orally, water from foods, & water formed by the oxidation of foods. The avg total amount of water taken into the body daily is approximately:
a) 500 ml b) 1000 ml c) 1500 ml d) 2000 ml e) 2500 ml |
2500 ml
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The amount of water released by the metabolism of each 100 calories of fat, carbohydrates, or proteins is approximately:
a) 2ml b) 5ml c) 10ml d) 15ml |
10ml
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Kidneys play a major role in controlling all types of balance in fluid & _______.
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Electrolytes
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The secretion of aldosterone, from the adrenal glands, aid in controlling ____ fluid volume by regulating the amount of Na ______ by the kidneys.
a) intracellular/reabsorbed b) extracellular/reabsorbed c) intracellular/excreted d) extracellular excreted |
extracellular/reabsorbed
The secretion of aldosterone, from the adrenal glands, aid in controlling EXTRACELLULAR fluid volume by regulating the amount of Na REABSORBEED by the kidneys. |
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ADH from the pituitary regulates the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid by regulating the amount of _____ _____ by the kidney.
a) electrolytes/excreted b) electrolytes reabsorbed c) water/excreted d) water/reabsorbed |
ADH from the pituitary regulates the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid by regulating the amount of WATER REABSORBED by the kidney.
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When the body's fluid intake is not sufficient to meet the body's needs it is called?
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dehydration / fluid vol deficit
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The goal of fluid vol deficit is to?
___ fluid volume ___ electrolytes as needed ___ the cause of fluid vol deficit |
restore fluid vol
replace electrolytes eliminate the cause |
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Patient's undergoing GI suctioning & GI irrigation is at risk for?
a) fluid vol deficit b) fluid vol excess |
fluid vol deficit
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Patient's experiencing ileostomy or colostomy drainage is at risk for?
a) fluid vol deficit b) fluid vol excess |
fluid vol deficit
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Draining wounds, burns, or fistulas put a patient at risk for?
a) fluid vol deficit b) fluid vol excess |
fluid vol deficit
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Increased hematocrit & increased specific gravity of the urine is indicative of:
a) fluid vol excess b) fluid vol deficit Tx is? |
fluid vol deficit
treat cause LR, 0.9% NS VS, weight, turgor, membranes I&O's & test specific gravity hematocrit & electrolytes |
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Increased heart rate, a thready pulse, and postural hypotension are indicative of:
a) fluid vol excess b) fluid vol deficit Tx is? |
fluid vol deficit
treat cause LR, 0.9% NS VS, weight, turgor, membranes I&O's & test specific gravity hematocrit & electrolytes |
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A patient experiencing rapid weight loss, dizziness, weakness, & confusion may be experiencing:
a) fluid vol excess b) fluid vol deficit TX is? |
fluid vol deficit
treat cause LR, 0.9% NS VS, weight, turgor, membranes I&O's & test specific gravity hematocrit & electrolytes |
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A patient with increased hematocrit, increased specific gravity of the urine, & increased heart rate with a thready pulse & postural hypotension is indicative of?
a) fluid vol excess b) fluid vol deficit TX for this patient is? |
fluid vol deficit
treat cause LR, 0.9% NS VS, weight, turgor, membranes I&O's & test specific gravity hematocrit & electrolytes |
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Increased heart rate, specific gravity & hematocrit with a decreases urine vol that is dark & concentrated is indicative of:
a) fluid vol excess b) fluid vol deficit Tx is? |
fluid vol deficit
treat cause LR, 0.9% NS VS, weight, turgor, membranes I&O's & test specific gravity hematocrit & electrolytes |
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A patient with increased respirations, heart rate, blood pressure & a decreased hematocrit is experiencing:
a) fluid vol excess b) fluid vol deficit Tx is? |
fluid vol excess
semi-Fowlers VS, check for edema, I&O's Daily weight & low sodium restrict fluids hematocrit & electrolytes |
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Cough & dyspnea, crackles, pitting edema & weight gain are all signs & symptoms of:
a) fluid vol excess b) fluid vol deficit Tx is? |
fluid vol excess
semi-Fowlers VS, check for edema, I&O's Daily weight & low sodium restrict fluids hematocrit & electrolytes |
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JVD, a decreased hematocrit, & bounding pulse are signs & symptoms of?
a) fluid vol excess b) fluid vol deficit Tx is? |
fluid vol excess
semi-Fowlers VS, check for edema, I&O's Daily weight & low sodium restrict fluids hematocrit & electrolytes |
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Increased heart rate & blood pressure, a decreased hematocrit & confusion are signs & symptoms of:
a) fluid vol excess b) fluid vol deficit Tx is? |
fluid vol excess
semi-Fowlers VS, check for edema, I&O's Daily weight & low sodium restrict fluids hematocrit & electrolytes |
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Neck & hand vein distention is a sign of:
a) fluid vol excess b) fluid vol deficit Tx is? |
fluid vol excess
semi-Fowlers VS, check for edema, I&O's Daily weight & low sodium restrict fluids hematocrit & electrolytes |
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Potassium:
a) 1.6 - 2.6 b) 2.7 - 4.5 c) 3.5 - 5.1 d) 8.6 - 10 e) 96 - 106 f) 135 - 145 |
Potassium 3.5 - 5.1
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Magnesium:
a) 1.6 - 2.6 b) 2.7 - 4.5 c) 3.5 - 5.1 d) 8.6 - 10 e) 96 - 106 f) 135 - 145 |
Magnesium 1.6 - 2.6
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Phosphorus:
a) 1.6 - 2.6 b) 2.7 - 4.5 c) 3.5 - 5.1 d) 8.6 - 10 e) 96 - 106 f) 135 - 145 |
Phosphorus 2.7 - 4.5
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Calcium:
a) 1.6 - 2.6 b) 2.7 - 4.5 c) 3.5 - 5.1 d) 8.6 - 10 e) 96 - 106 f) 135 - 145 |
Calcium 8.6 - 10
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Chloride:
a) 1.6 - 2.6 b) 2.7 - 4.5 c) 3.5 - 5.1 d) 8.6 - 10 e) 96 - 106 f) 135 - 145 |
Chloride 96 -106
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Sodium:
a) 1.6 - 2.6 b) 2.7 - 4.5 c) 3.5 - 5.1 d) 8.6 - 10 e) 96 - 106 f) 135 - 145 |
Sodium 135 - 145
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Hypokalemia is a potassium level below:
a) 1.6 b) 2.7 c) 3.5 d) 8.6 e) 96 f) 135 |
K+ normal range is 3.5 - 5.1
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Hyperkalemia is a potassium level above:
a) 2.6 b) 4.5 c) 5.1 d) 10 e) 106 f 145 |
K+ normal range is 3.5 - 5.1
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Potassium is:
a) intracellular b) extracellular |
Remember: "Enter Camp"
this means: intra KMP K+, Mg, PO4 Remember: "extra NCC please!" this means: extra cellular NCC Na, Ca+ Cl |
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Hypocalcemia is below:
a) 1.6 b) 2.7 c) 3.5 d) 8.6 e) 96 f) 135 |
Hypocalcemia is below 8.6
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Hypercalcemia is above:
a) 2.6 b) 4.5 c) 5.1 d) 10 e) 106 f) 145 |
Hypercalcemia is above 10
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Hypophosphotemia is below:
a) 1.6 b) 2.7 c) 3.5 d) 8.6 e) 96 f) 135 |
Hypophosphotemia is below 2.7
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Hyperphosphotemia is above:
a) 2.6 b) 4.5 c) 5.1 d) 10 e) 106 f) 145 |
Hyperphosphotemia is above 4.5
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Hypomagnesemia is below:
a) 1.6 b) 2.7 c) 3.5 d) 8.6 e) 96 f) 135 |
Hypomagnesemia is below 1.6
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Hypermagnesemia is above:
a) 2.6 b) 4.5 c) 5.1 d) 10 e) 106 f) 145 |
Hypermagnesemia is above 2.6
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Hypochloremia is below:
a) 1.6 b) 2.7 c) 3.5 d) 8.6 e) 96 f) 135 |
Hypochloremia is below 96
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Hyperchoremmia is above:
a) 2.6 b) 4.5 c) 5.1 d) 10 e) 106 f) 145 |
Hyperchoremmia is above:
Mg 1.6 - 2.6 PO4 2.7 - 4.5 K+ 3.5 - 5.1 Ca+ 8.6 - 10 Cl- 96 - 106 Na+ 135 - 145 |
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Identify the hypotonic solution:
a) Lactated Ringers b) 0.9% saline c) 0.45% saline d) 5% dextrose in water e) 5% dextrose in 0.225% saline f) 5% dextrose in LR g) 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline h) 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline i) 10% dextrose in water |
Hypotonic is 0.45% saline
Isotonic are: Lactated Ringers 0.9% saline 5% dextrose in water 5% dextrose in 0.225% saline Hypertonic are: f) 5% dextrose in LR g) 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline h) 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline i) 10% dextrose in water |
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ADH from the pituitary regulates eXtracellular fluid by regulating the amount of ____ that is ____ by the kidney.
a) Na / excreted b) Na / reabsorbed c) water / excreted d) water / reabsorbed |
water / reabsorbed
ADH from the pituitary regulates eXtracellular fluid by regulating the amount of WATER that is REABSORBED by the kidney. |
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Aldosterone from the adrenals control eXtracellular fluid volume by regulating the amount of ____ that is ____ by the kidneys.
a) Na / excreted b) Na / reabsorbed c) water / excreted d) water / reabsorbed |
Na / reabsorbed
Aldosterone from the adrenals control eXtracellular fluid volume by regulating the amount of NA+ that is REABSORBED by the kidneys. |
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Interventions for fluid vol deficit include administering:
a) 10% dextrose in water b) 5% dextrose in LR c) LR or 0.9% saline d) 0.45% saline & 5% dextrose |
deficit = LR or 0.9% saline
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Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) is administered when K+ levels are ___ because it releases ___ in exchange for K+ which is then absorbed by the GI for excretion.
a) low / chloride b) high / chloride c) low / Na+ d) high / Na+ |
high / NA+
Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) is administered when K+ levels are HIGH because it releases NA+ in exchange for K+ which is then absorbed by the GI for excretion. |
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When administering potassium it is important to monitor the IV site & if phlebitis or infitration occurs:
a) stop the IV immediately & restart at another site b) Stop the IV & call the doctor d) flush the IV with NS & restart because potassium is not harmful to tissues |
stop the IV immediately & restart at another site
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Keep calcium gluconate available for:
a) patients suffering from hyperphosphtemia b) patients with acute magnesium imbalances c) patients with acute calcium deficits d) patients with severe hyperkalemia |
patients with acute calcium deficits
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