A+ Chapter 3, Book 2

Front 1

system memory

Back 1

the work area (desk space) for a computer

Front 2

Can you ever write to a ROM chip

Back 2

Only by using special software provided by the manufacturer of the chip.

Front 3

Firmware is

Back 3

Software written to a ROM chip

Front 4

What type of memory stores BIOS

Back 4

ROM

Front 5

Where is the POST stored

Back 5

In the BIOS code in ROM

Front 6

What does the POST contain

Back 6

Routines that initiate OS loading as well as routines that make communication betwen hardware devices possible

Front 7

EEPROM stands for, aka

Back 7

electrically erasable programmable ROM, aka flash rom

Front 8

When would you need to update your BIOS

Back 8

When you update your hardware

Front 9

BIOS contains

Back 9

The POST and other routines that initiate loading the OS, also low-level code that allows the system to communicate with hardware devices

Front 10

Where can you find BIOS updates

Back 10

Manufacturer's website

Front 11

DRAM stands for

Back 11

Dynamic RAM

Front 12

How does DRAM get its name

Back 12

The information stored in DRAM needs to be constantly refreshed

Front 13

What does refreshing of DRAM involve

Back 13

Reading the bits of data stored in DRAM and the rewriting the same information back

Front 14

Single ported means

Back 14

You can read and write to memory but not at the same time

Front 15

Type of memory that is single ported

Back 15

DRAM

Front 16

How did older DRAM measure speed

Back 16

in how long it took the CPU to receive the information after it was requested

Front 17

Older DRAM speed range

Back 17

60-80 ns

Front 18

How is today's DRAM speed measured

Back 18

in MHz to match the speed of the motherboard

Front 19

SRAM stands for

Back 19

static ram

Front 20

How does SRAM differ from DRAM

Back 20

Memory in SRAM doesn't need to be refreshed

Front 21

Typical speed of SRAM

Back 21

10-20 ns

Front 22

What is the drawback of SRAM

Back 22

Cost. It's more expensive than DRAM

Front 23

What is SRAM typically used for

Back 23

cache memory

Front 24

CMOS RAM stands for

Back 24

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor RAM

Front 25

What does CMOS-RAM store

Back 25

configuration information, like an inventory list

Front 26

Why doesn't CMOS-RAM erase when the computer power is turned off

Back 26

Computers have a small battery on the motherboard that maintains enough of a charge to prevent CMOS-RAM from losing data

Front 27

Shadowing is

Back 27

The process in which a copy of the BIOS is copied to an area of memory

Front 28

Shadow RAM is

Back 28

the part of RAM where BIOS has been copied to for execution

Front 29

VRAM stands for

Back 29

video ram

Front 30

Where is VRAM most commonly used

Back 30

On video accelerator cards

Front 31

What is VRAM used for

Back 31

to store Used to store values of pixel onscreen for refresh purposes

Front 32

What is dual ported memory

Back 32

Memory that can be read from and written to at the same time

Front 33

WRAM stands for

Back 33

window ram

Front 34

WRAM aka

Back 34

window accelerator card RAM

Front 35

What is WRAM used for and what is its advantage

Back 35

Used for video display purposes and is 25% faster than VRAM

Front 36

Basic steps in accessing memory in standard DRAM

Back 36

first clock cycle the row address is sent

second clock cycle the column address is sent

third clock cycle the memory controller reads the information

Sequence repeats for each block requested

Front 37

FPM stands for

Back 37

fast page memory

Front 38

How does FPM differ from standard DRAM

Back 38

FPM does not require a row address for subsequent block requests since it's assumed that the next block needed will be in the same row.

Front 39

FPM memory retrieval sequence

Back 39

Same as standard DRAM only with no row information sent for each subsequent block request

Front 40

EDO stands for

Back 40

Extended data output

Front 41

How much faster is EDO than FPM

Back 41

10-15%

Front 42

Where is EDO usually found

Back 42

on 66 MHz motherboards

Front 43

Why is EDO faster than FPM

Back 43

EDO can read data from a memory block while receiving the next set of instructions instead of waiting to receive after the block is read

Front 44

BEDO stands for

Back 44

Burst extended data output

Front 45

What does burst refer to

Back 45

The fat that when one memory address is request and that address is retrieved the system bursts into the next couple of blocks and reads those as well.

Front 46

Why does burst technology work

Back 46

Usually the next requested block of memory will be found next to the block already requested. The burst system has already retrieved those block and can immediately pass on that info to the CPU

Front 47

How much faster is BEDO than EDO

Back 47

50%

Front 48

SDRAM stands for

Back 48

synchronous DRAM

Front 49

What is SDRAM

Back 49

memory synchronized to the system board speed

Front 50

What do you need to determine before replacing or adding SDRAM

Back 50

The speed of your motherboard

Front 51

Can you install SDRAM at a speed other than your motherboard's?

Back 51

Yes, you can install a faster SDRAM chip than your motherboard's speed but you will be paying more for a speed you don't need

Front 52

RDRAM stands for

Back 52

rambus DRAM

Front 53

What speed does RDRAM run

Back 53

800 MHz

Front 54

RIMM stands for

Back 54

rambus inline memory module

Front 55

RDRAM has a ______ internal bus width

Back 55

16 bit

Front 56

DDR stands for

Back 56

double data rate

Front 57

Where does DDR get its name from

Back 57

the fact that it can transfer data twice during each clock cyple

Front 58

DDR pin modules for desktop and laptop computers

Back 58

184 pin desktop

200 pin laptop

Front 59

What is DDR measured in

Back 59

MHz

Front 60

How do you determine the actual speed of a DDR chip

Back 60

Take the name of the chip and divide it by 8. Ex PC1600=200 MHz memory speed

Front 61

DDR2 memory speed

Back 61

400 MHz and higher

Front 62

# of pins in DDR2 module

Back 62

240

Front 63

Power consumption for DDR vs DDR2

Back 63

DDR=2.5V

DDR2-1.8V

Front 64

DDR3-800 aka

Back 64

PC3-6400

Front 65

DDR3-800 throughput

Back 65

6400 MBps

Front 66

DDR3-1066 throughput

Back 66

8533 MBps

Front 67

DDR3-1066 aka

Back 67

PC3-8500

Front 68

DDR3-1600 throughput

Back 68

12800 MBps

Front 69

SIMM stands for

Back 69

single inline memory modules

Front 70

2 types of SIMM cards

Back 70

30 and 72 pin

Front 71

30 pin SIMMS have an ______ data path

Back 71

8 bit

Front 72

When installing SIMMs, what must you do

Back 72

Make sure you install enough to fill the memory bank of the processor. For example, if the processor is 32 bit, you need to install 4 SIMMs

Front 73

72 pin SIMMs have a _____ data path

Back 73

32 bit

Front 74

what is a memory bank

Back 74

the number of memory slots needed to fill the data path of the processor

Front 75

How can you tell the difference between a 72 pin and a 30 pin SIMM

Back 75

the 72 pin has a notch close to the middle of the module

Front 76

DIMM stands for

Back 76

dual inline memory module

Front 77

How do DIMMs differ from SIMMs

Back 77

They deliver information in 64 bit chunks instead of 8

Front 78

Older DIMMs use ____ pins for SDRAM and _____ for DDR

Back 78

168

184

Front 79

Newer DIMMs use ____ pins for DDR2 and _____ for DDR3

Back 79

240

Front 80

SODIMM stands for

Back 80

Small outline dual inline memory modules

Front 81

Where are SODIMMs found

Back 81

laptops

Front 82

3 different sizes of SODIMM modules

Back 82

32 bit 72 pin

64 bit 144 pin (SDRAM)

64 bit 200 pin (DDR and DDR2)

Front 83

MicroDIMM stands for

Back 83

micro dual inline memory module

Front 84

MicroDIMM comes in _____ module for SDRAM and _____pin module for DDR

Back 84

144

172

Front 85

What is parity memory

Back 85

A type of error-checking memory that verifies information stored in memory is what is actually read from memory at a later time

Front 86

What is nonparity memory

Back 86

Memory that does not perform an error check to ensure that the data written to memory is actually read when it is retrieved

Front 87

2 types of parity memory

Back 87

odd

even

Front 88

How do the 2 types of parity memory differ

Back 88

odd parity looks for an odd number of bits and even parity looks for an even number of bits

Front 89

How does parity memory work

Back 89

For every byte of data written to memory, an additional bit is added. When storing the number of enabled data bits (1s) are added up. For add parity if the number of 1s is even then the additional bit is a 1 and if there is an odd number of bits the additional bit is set to 0. Visa versa for even parity.

Front 90

How does the CPU check the accuracy of a parity byte of data

Back 90

It calculates whether the parity bit is 1 or 0 and then calculates the other bits to see if it matches the odd or even parity bit.

Front 91

What is parity error

Back 91

What occurs when the parity bit does not coincide with the CPU's parity calculation. There is a problem with the data

Front 92

ECC stads for

Back 92

Error checking and correction

Front 93

Can parity memory fix a parity error

Back 93

no

Front 94

Can ECC memory correct parity errors

Back 94

yes

Front 95

How do you install dual channel memory

Back 95

In pairs in either two odd numbered slots or two even numbered slots, never side by side

Front 96

Single sided memory

Back 96

All memory on the module is accessed at once by the system and is treated as a single bank of memory

Front 97

Double sided memory

Back 97

Module is divided into 2 discrete chunks of memory (banks) and the computer can only access one bank at a time

Front 98

What did L1 cache originally mean

Back 98

internal cache

Front 99

What is the L1 cache typically divided into

Back 99

Half is used to store frequently access program instructions

Other half stores frequently accessed program data

Front 100

4 factors that affect the proper type of memory needed

Back 100

Type of Memory (FPM, EDO, SDRAM, DDR)

Speed of the memory

pin connector type

parity vs nonparity