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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Peripherals attach to the PC via the _______ bus.
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Expansion
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_______ _____ is collectively used to describe the pathways to gain access to the systems CPU & RAM.
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Expansion Bus
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What are included in the term "System Resources?"
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I/O Address
IRQ Settings DMA Channels |
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Name 2 internal buses.
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AMR = Audio/Modem Riser
CNR = Communication Network Riser |
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Peripherals that plug into the PCI bus include 5 things (or more).
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Video Adapters, Sound Cards, NICs, Modems; I/O Cards
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The PCI bus is aka the "_______" bus.
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Mezzanine
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Whay is the PCI bus called the Mezzanine Bus?
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Because it sits between the frontside bus & any other expansion bus
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The Southbridge is sometimes referred to as the ___ ______.
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PCI Bridge
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The PCI does not use IRQs in the classic sense, it uses shareable "_____ _____" labeled what? (4)
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Interrupt Channels
IntA, IntB, IntC, IntD which allow several devices to use the same IRQ |
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What does Bus Mastering (for the PCI card) do/mean?
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That the devices attached to the PCI bus are able to talk directly to each other instead of through the CPU.
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What is the special accelerated transfer mode that the PCI bus uses to communicate with system RAM?
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Burst Mode
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What is the latest AGP specification?
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AGP 3.0
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AGP slots today run at __ bits & __ MHz, and use clock multiplying (called _______) to increase performance.
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32 bits
66 MHz Strobing |
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AGP currently resides alone on its own personal data bus, connected directly to the ______ ____.
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Northbridge Chip
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What does the Sidebanding feature of AGP do?
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It enables the video card to send more commands to the Northbridge while receiving commands @ the same time.
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How many AGP devices are supported by the APG 3.0 standard?
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More than 1, although Mobo mfgs make only 1 slot.
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Video processors use pre-made sets of ______.
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Textures
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AGP video adapter cards come equipped with massive amounts of onboard video memory of ____ or more that ....
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256 MB or more memory that store 3-D textures.
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What is System Memory Access?
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a pathway provided by the AGP to the PC's main system memory so the video card can use it to store more textures
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Mobos that have both ISA & PCI sockets onboard are aka _______ ______.
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Transitional Motherboards
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AMR = ____ _____ _____
CNR = ____ _____ _____ |
Audio/Modem Riser
Communication & Networking Riser |
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AMR & CNR slots look like ___ slots but only smaller.
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AGP
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(Typically)
AMR slots have __-pin socket CNR slots have __-pin socket |
AMR = 46
CNR = 30 |
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AMR & CNR slots are easily interchangeable. (T/F)
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False they are not interchangeable at all.
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What is the safest thing to do when installing a USB device?
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Be sure to install the device drivers first, not all PnP devices are super safe.
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Name the "system resources"
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1 I/O Addresses
2 IRQs 3 DMAs (channels) |
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What is the collective name for I/O addresses, IRQs, & DMAs?
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System Resources
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The CPU uses the external data bus to....
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Transfer lines of programs between memory & the CPU.
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What wire is used by the CPU when it uses the address bus to talk with a device & not the RAM?
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IO/MEM wire
(Input/Output Memory Wire) |
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(I/O Addresses)
Every device gets only one # pattern. |
False, they all get a number of patterns, not just one.
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What are I/O Addresses?
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All the different patterns used by the CPU to talk to devices inside your computer are known as I/O Addresses.
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I/O Addresses function inside the PC as long strings of 1's & 0's but tech people use _____ _____.
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Hexadecimal Notation
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What are the 3 rules of I/O Addresses?
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1 All devices must have one
2 All devices use >1 3 No 2 devices can have the same I/O. |
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If 2 devices share an I/O address, what will happen?
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The PC will lock up!
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What company made a list for public use of the I/O Addresses that is still used today?
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IBM
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What refers to the I/O Base Address?
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The first I/O address in a range for a device.
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Since Sound/Network cards don't have mapped I/O addresses, what range(s) can you assign?
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Between 210h & 278h. None of these are pre-assigned
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PCI devices don't use classic IRQs, but they do use dynamically assigned channels __-__.
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A-D
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What Windows feature makes peace b/t PCI & Legacy expansion cards for IRQ addressing?
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IRQ Steering
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For SERIAL devices, the preset combinations of I/O & IRQ addrewsses were called _____ ports.
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COM
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For Parallel devices, the preset combinations of I/O & IRQ addrewsses were called _____ ports.
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LPT
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When you assign a COM or LPT port, you are actually setting what?
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The IRQ & I/O Address
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Is it possible for 2 devices to use the same IRQ?
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Yes, but ONLY when they do not "talk" at the same time.
If they do, the computer will lock up. |
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PCI devices don't use classic IRQs, but they do use dynamically assigned channels __-__.
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A-D
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What Windows feature makes peace b/t PCI & Legacy expansion cards for IRQ addressing?
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IRQ Steering
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For SERIAL devices, the preset combinations of I/O & IRQ addrewsses were called _____ ports.
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COM
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For Parallel devices, the preset combinations of I/O & IRQ addrewsses were called _____ ports.
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LPT
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When you assign a COM or LPT port, you are actually setting what?
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The IRQ & I/O Address
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Is it possible for 2 devices to use the same IRQ?
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Yes, but ONLY when they do not "talk" at the same time.
If they do, the computer will lock up. |
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____ & ____ are preset combinations of IRQs and I/O addresses.
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COM & LPT
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What is the standard I/O_IRQ for COM 1?
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3F8 IRQ 4
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What is the standard I/O_IRQ for COM 2?
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2F8 IRQ 3
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What is the NON-standard I/O_IRQ for COM 1?
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3F8 IRQ 5
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What is the NON-standard I/O_IRQ for COM 2?
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2F8 IRQ 5
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What is the name of the process of accessing memory without using the CPU?
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Direct Memory Access (DMA)
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What wire does the chipset link to the cpu?
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HRQ wire
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What is the point of the HRQ wire?
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To inform the CPU when the external data bus is going to be busy.
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The chipset has 8 wires, aka what?
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DMA requests (DRQs)
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DRQs are aka ___
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DMA Channels
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Most devices todqay that use DMA do so without accessing the chipset or the CPU. These devices are known as ___ ___.
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Bus Masters
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Bus Mastering devices skip the chipset altogether how?
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They have circuitry that enables them to watch for other devices accessing the external data bus & get out of the way on their own.
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What is another term for bus mastering in relation to hard drives?
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Ultra DMA
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For PnP to work properly, the PC needs 3 items, what are they?
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1 PnP Bios
2 PnP OS 3 PnP Device |
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NON-PnP devices are known as _____ devices.
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Legacy
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What 2 ways can you tell if a device is PnP?
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1 Plug it in, recognized? Yes PnP, No? could still be PnP
2 Look for jumpers for I/O IRQ settings = legacy |
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All devices are either Legacy or PnP. (T/F)
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False, some can switch by moving a jumper or running a special configuration program.
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ESCD = ____ ____ ___ ___
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Extended System Configuration data
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What is the ESCD?
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a list of all system resources used, usually on the CMOS or Flash ROM.
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Some PnP devices come with a built-in list of what system resources they can use. (T/F)
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True, PnP devices can you any or only a specific IRQ or address.
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When installing a newer version of an older device what is a good idea before installing the new one.
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Remove any currently installed drivers before installing the new ones to prevent conflicts.
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What is a good idea to check before installing a Legacy Device?
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Check the "Device Manager" to see what resources are available & adjust the jumpers accordingly.
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After running the Add/Remove Wizard & your USB/IEEE device is unrecognized, what could be the problem?
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1 Physically damaged device
2 The device is Legacy & misconfigured jumpers or resources |
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What does the BLACK EXLAMATION POINT with a YELLOW CIRCLE in the device mgr mean?
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A missing device, an unrecognized device, or a device driver problem. The device MAY work.
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What does the RED X indicate in the device mgr?
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A disabled device. Usually points to a system resource conflict or damaged device. The device WON'T work.
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What does the BLUE I on a WHITE FIELD indicate in the device mgr?
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A PnP device on which someone has configured the system resources manually. (For info only, not an error)
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What does the GREEN QUESTION MARK indicate in the device mgr? (Windows ME only)
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That Windows doesn't have the correct driver, but has installed a compatible driver. Device MAY work but lack certain functions.
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The "!" symbol is the most common error & usually the easiest to fix. How?
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1 Check devices connections
2 Reinstall driver with the UPDATE BUTTON |
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How do you find the UPDATE BUTTON when updating a devices driver?
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Click the desired device, select properties, Driver tab, click update driver.
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