Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is a sure way to render a harddrive completely unusable?
|
Open the casing
|
|
|
Inside a hard drive is a short stack of polished metal disks called _____
|
Platters
|
|
|
How fast do the platters turn on a modern har drive?
|
7200 RPM
|
|
|
In order to be useful, data must be organized in a fashion that the system can understand... called what?
|
The drive's Geometry
|
|
|
What are the 3 main characteristics that make up a disk's geometry?
|
1 Cylinders
2 Heads 3 Sectors per track |
|
|
The 3 main characteristics of geometry are collectively called ___ by techs
|
The CHS settings
|
|
|
Data is recorded onto the platters in a series of magnetic rings called _____.
|
Tracks
|
|
|
Each platter has tracks where...?
|
On the top & bottom surfaces
|
|
|
Each track on one platter is matched up to a track on every other platter in the stack. (T/F)
|
True
|
|
|
A stack of tracks is referred to as a _____.
|
Cylinder
|
|
|
The term "heads" literally describes what?
|
The tiny read/write components that put data on or take data off the data tracks on each platter.
|
|
|
How many heads does a platter need to store data?
|
2
|
|
|
If you have a hard drive that has 4 platters, how many heads must it have?
|
8 (double the # of platters)
|
|
|
A hard drive's number of heads is always double the # of platters. (T/F)
|
False, some can have extra heads for special purposes.
|
|
|
If you slice the platters into portions like a cake or pizza, you have just made what?
|
A sector
|
|
|
How much data does each sector hold. (in bytes)
|
512 bytes of data
|
|
|
The "Sector" is the largest amount of data on the platter. (T/F)
|
False, a sector is the smallest amount of data that can be pulled/divided.
|
|
|
Is the total # of sectors on each track a constant for a hard drive or can it change?
|
It is a constant.
|
|
|
What is the geometry for Drive X if it has 63 sectors?
|
63 Sectors/track
|
|
|
Modern Mobo chips can recognize IDE drives and set them up in CMOS through a process called ______.
|
Autodetect
|
|
|
How do you determine a hard drives capacity?
|
Multiply all the basic drive units together.
|
|
|
If a hard drive has 16,383 cylinders, 16 heads, & 63 sectors/track, what is its capacity?
|
16,383 x 16 x 63 = 16,514,064. Multiply by 512 (bytes/sector) for a total of 8,455,200,768 bytes (8.4 GB)
|
|
|
Before data can be stored on a hard drive, the drive must be configured with what 2 things?
|
A partition and a file system.
|
|
|
What is a partition?
|
It is an electronic, logical division of the physical hard drive space.
|
|
|
How much of the hard drive space can a partition take up?
|
All or a smaller portion
|
|
|
Partitions are configured to support a specific type of file system through what process?
|
Formatting
|
|
|
Windows 9x/Me systems support what 2 file systems.
|
FAT 16
FAT 32 |
|
|
FAT = ______
|
File Allocation Table
|
|
|
What is the bit width of
FAT 16 FAT 32? |
FAT 16 = 16 bits
FAT 32 = 32 bits |
|
|
What other type of file system not used by Windows 9x/Me?
|
NTFS
|
|
|
NTFS = ______
|
New Technology File System
|
|
|
Windows NT Workstation & Server support FAT16 & NTFS but not FAT32. (T/F)
|
True
|
|
|
Windows 2000 & XP support how many of the 3 file systems?
|
All 3
|
|
|
What were some early limitations of the IDE?
|
Designed for Hard drives only, limited capacity, no optical mass storage devices (i.e. CD-ROM) & 1 controller channel IRQ 14
|
|
|
The largest of the original IDE hard drives had _____ cylinders, _____ heads,& ____ sectors & a total capacity of?
|
1024
16 63 504 MB |
|
|
IDE = _____
EIDE = ____ |
Integrated Drive Electronics
Enhanced IDE |
|
|
Name the 2 possible methods that IDE/ATA2 used to break the 504 MB capacity?
|
1 Sector translation
2 Logical Block Addressing |
|
|
LBA = ______
LBA is also known as ____ ___ |
Logical block addressing
Enhanced CHS or ECHS |
|
|
EIDE standard supports hard drives up to ____ GB.
|
8.4
|
|
|
Did the EIDE support any controller channels as the IDE did?
|
Yes, but it could also use a secondary channel. (IDE uses only 1 channel)
|
|
|
The EIDE could support a wider range of devices including ______.
|
ATAPI
|
|
|
ATAPI = ______
|
AT Attachment Packet Interface
|
|
|
Name some ATAPI devices.
|
CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW
|
|
|
What is the EIDE standard currently up to now?
|
ATA-6
|
|
|
What are the SMART technologies?
|
Self Monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology
|
|
|
What technology enables the EIDE device to bypass the CPU to access RAM.
|
DMA (Direct memory access)
|
|
|
What extension of EIDE standard allowed for a maximum hard drive size up to 137 GB.
|
INT13
|
|
|
Before INT13 what was the most that could be partitioned or formatted on a hard drive?
|
8.4 GB
|
|
|
Without INT13 extension support, you won't be able to format & partition more than 8.4GB of your hard drive, regardless of it's size. (T/F)
|
True
|
|
|
Name a few limits that plagued even the newer versions of IDE/ATA?
|
Power requirements
Limited device's cable length Not hot-swappable Reached the throughput limit |
|
|
How does the SATA work?
|
SATA creates a point-to-point connection between the SATA device - hard drive, CD-ROM/DVD-ROM etc. & the SATA controller.
|
|
|
How many wires do the SATA devices need versus the EIDE which results in thinner wires & better CPU cooling.
|
SATA needed only 7 wires while the EIDE needs 80
|
|
|
What is the power requirement of the SATA wire versus that of the IDE devices.
|
SATA needs only 500 mV (millivolts) versus IDE's 5-volts
|
|
|
What shape are the connectors of the SATA devices?
Controller? Power? |
Both are rectangular but the power connector is wider than the controller connector.
|
|
|
What is the maximum SATA device cable length?
|
1 meter (39.4 inches)
|
|
|
What is the maximum length of a standard IDE cable?
|
18 inches
|
|
|
Are SATA devices hot-swappable?
|
yes
|
|
|
RAID = _______
|
Redundant Array of Independant Disks
|
|
|
How do SATA devices transmit data?
|
In serial bursts.
|
|
|
How do standard IDE devices transmit data?
|
By parallel streams
|
|
|
Theoretically.. how much faster are the serial bursts of SATA devices vs. the parallel IDE devices?
|
30xs
|
|
|
What is the current maximum data burst for SATA devices?
|
150 Mbps
|
|
|
What is the eventual throughput speed for SATA devices?
|
600 Mbps
|
|
|
SATA is _____ _____ meaning it can work with current IDE standards and no updates are necessary.
|
backward compatible
|
|
|
Adapters enable you to plug IDE drives into SATA sockets on the mobo, but they slow the throughput by how much?
|
50%
|
|
|
What are the 3 different settings for IDE/SATA drives?
|
1 Master
2 Slave 3 Stand Alone |
|
|
What connects IDE devices to the mobo?
|
A 40 pin ribbon cable with 3 connectors.
|
|
|
There are 3 plugs on the Ribbon cable, what are they for?
|
1 IDE controller socket on mobo
2&3 are for IDE devices |
|
|
How long should IDE ribbon cables be and why?
|
no longer than 18 inches, to avoid Eletrical noise
|
|
|
All modern mobos provide _ IDE sockets/channels supporting up to _ total IDE devices.
|
2
4 (1 Master & 1 Slave per channel) |
|
|
How do you ensure that the ribbon cable is plugged into the IDE device correctly?
|
Align the stripe on the ribbon cable with "Pin #1"
|
|
|
Typically the red stripe on the ribbon cable will be closest to the red wire on the molex connector. (T/F)
|
True
|
|
|
How many pins do standard IDE ribbon cables have? How many do the special ribbon cables have?
|
Both have 40 pins, although the special cable has 80-conductor it still only has 40 pins.
|
|
|
What is the max speed for a standard ribbon cable?
|
33 Mbps
|
|
|
What is the difference between the 80-conductor cable & the 40-conductor cable?
|
The 80 has its own ground conductor on every pin.
|
|
|
When you have 2 EIDE controllers on a mobo or controller card, the system labes them as ____ & _____.
|
Primary
Secondary |
|
|
Some mobos have 2 different speeds of hard drive controllers, which is faster.
|
The primary (IDE1)
|
|
|
To get the top speed out of your hard drive, which type of cable should be plugged into the primary (IDE1).
|
The 80-conductor plug.
|
|
|
Usually the faster hard drive controller is colored a ____ ____ or ___ rather than white, brown or black.
|
bright blue
red |
|
|
If you are installing only a single hard drive on a drive controller cable you should set the jumpers as...?
|
"Stand alone" if it is supported but to set it as "Master" is better.
|
|
|
If you install 2 drives on a controller cable 1 must be set as _____ and the other must be set as ______.
|
Master
Slave |
|
|
You can have 2 master devices or 2 slave devices on the same controller cable. (T/F)
|
False, you can not have either.
|
|
|
Does it matter what order you install devices on the IDE cable?
|
No,... but if you are using a Cable select cable it does matter.
|
|
|
If you have only one device, which section of the cable should it be attached? Middle or End, and why?
|
The End... if the end is open it can act like an antenna for Electrical Noise.
|
|
|
If you have 2 IDE devices set to cable select, which plug is the master & which is the slave?
|
The end plug assigns the Master, the middle is the slave.
|
|
|
C/sel
cs |
Both mean
Cable select |
|
|
In order to select the cable select configuration, what must you have?
|
A cable select cable
|
|
|
How are cable select cables different from normal IDE cables?
|
By a tiny hole through one pin.
|
|
|
If your mobo doesn't have SATA controller sockets & you want to use SATA devices, what can you do?
|
Get special host adapters via a PCI card. Some offer up to 8 SATA drives and some offer both ATA & SATA
|
|
|
When installing SATA hard drives which should be master/slave?
|
Neither, there are no jumper settings to mess with, SATA supports only a single device per controller channel
|
|
|
What should you do after installing a hard drive?
|
Enter its geometry into the CMOS through the CMOS setup program.
|
|
|
What 2 settings can you set in CMOS to detect a new hard drive?
|
1 Auto
2 User |
|
|
How does the Auto function work in CMOS?
|
Every time the system is booted it askes the hard drive for its geometry every time.
|
|
|
How does the User function work in CMOS?
|
It asks the new hard drive only once for its geometry and stores it for future use, saving time during boot up.
|
|
|
If you install & configure a drive but it fails to show up in "Autodetect" this means what?
|
That something is wrong with the physical setup. Ensure cables are connected & jumpers are set properly
|
|
|
Partitioning, does what?
|
Establishes the framework upon which your file system is built.
|
|
|
How many partitions can you configure in your hard drive?
|
4 Total Partitions
(4 primary, or 3 primary & 1 Extended) |
|
|
Partitioning creates a ____ ____ and a ____ ____ for each partition.
|
partition table
drive letter |
|
|
Only a ____ _____ can be made bootable by setting it as the _____ partition.
|
primary partition
active |
|
|
An extended partition can be made active and configured to boot. (T/F)
|
False, it can't be made active or bootable
|
|
|
How many partitions can be made active?
|
Only 1
|
|
|
The subdivisions of an Extended partition are known as _____ _____.
|
Logical Drives
|
|
|
What is the total # of Logical drives an Extended partition can have?
|
24
|
|
|
Are Extended partitions of a hard drive formatted?
|
No, but the logical drives of the extended partition must be formatted for use.
|
|
|
A PC must have at least __ primary partition, and Extended partitions are _____.
|
1
Optional |
|
|
What utility does Windows 9x/Me use for partitioning?
|
FDISK (located on the system boot disk supplied with the setup CD-ROM.)
|
|
|
What utility does Windows NT use for partitioning?
|
Disk Administrator
|
|
|
What utility does Windows 2000/XP use for partitioning?
|
Disk Management
|
|
|
MMC = ____ ____ ____
|
Microsoft Management Console
|
|
|
Formatting, does what?
|
creates a file system for the drive- a big spreadsheet that tracks what piece of data is stored in which location.
|
|
|
Windows supports 3 different types of file systems, name them.
|
1 FAT16
2 FAT32 3 NTFS |
|
|
Is FAT supported by all Microsoft Operating systems?
|
Yes
|
|
|
FAT does not support disk partitions larger than _._ GB, and offers no local, file-level what?
|
2.1 GB
Security |
|
|
1.44MB floppy disks, Zip disks, & USB drives are always formatted with what?
|
FAT
|
|
|
FAT32 is the __ bit version of FAT.
|
32 bit
|
|
|
Up to what size file partitions does FAT32 perform?
|
Up to 2 TB
|
|
|
Do either FAT16 or FAT32 have any type of mechanism for controlling security?
|
No
|
|
|
With Windows 2000 what is the maximum FAT32 partition you can create without using FORMAT?
|
32GB
|
|
|
Windows 2000/XP uses ____ to partition 2TB, & has security.
|
NTFS
|
|
|
What type of partitioning system enables disk quotas & dynamic disk configuration settings?
|
NTFS
|
|
|
What is a disk quota?
|
A method of limiting the amound of disk space a user can use.
|
|
|
Name 3 tools used to format a partition.
|
1 FORMAT (command)
2 Rightclick partition in MY COMPUTER/EXPLORER 3 Disk Management Utility |
