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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the exoskeleton made up of?
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-protein
-chitin *called the cuticle |
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What are the functions of the exoskeleton?
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-protection
-muscle attachment -prevents water loss -temperature regulation |
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What are the layers and their descriptions of the exoskeleton?
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-epicuticle (waxy, very thin, prevents water loss, outermost layer)
-exocuticle (rigid) -endocuticle (flexible) |
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What are setae?
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-grow through holes in exoskeleton, attached to nerces, gives sense of touch
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What are spines?
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-channels for glands to excrete chemical defenses such as in the saddleback caterpillar
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What types of mouths are there?
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-chewing/biting
-sucking -sponging vestigial |
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What is the upper lip and lower lip called?
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-Labrum (r for upper)
-Labium |
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What is the tongue called?
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-hypopharynx
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What is the maxilla and what does it have?
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-second jaw which has palp which is used for tasting
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What are some examples of sucking mouthparts?
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-mosquito for piercing and sucking
-honey bee for sucking and handling wax and pollen -butterfly for siphoning like a straw |
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What are some examples of sponging mouthparts?
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-house fly which dissolves sugar and then sucks up liquid
-horse fly which slashes skin and drinks from pool of blood |
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What types of insects don't need eyes?
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-eating machines such as maggots
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What type of eyes do the Praying Mantis have?
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-well developed to catch prey
-360 degree vision |
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What are compound eyes consist of?
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-omatidia
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How does light work in a compound eye?
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-enters through cuticle
-enters lenses (crystalline cone) -hits light sensitive cells -nerves signal brain |
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Why is the visual spectrum important for insects to see?
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-nectar is visible in UV range for honey bees
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What are simple eyes known as?
Describe. |
-Ocelli
-not present in all insects -very sensitive to light -tells when to hybernate, night, and day |
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What are the different types of antennae? How do they work?
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-filliform: feel and taste
-plumose: detect pheremones -serrate: don't know, they're saw-toothed |
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What is used to record electrical impulses for an antenna?
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-electroantennogram
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What identifies chemicals from the abdomen?
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-HPLC: High pressure liquid chromatograph
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What are the 5 main parts of insect legs?
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-coxa
-trachanter -femur -tibia -tarsi (claws at end) |
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What are the three types of legs?
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-saltatorial
-fossorial -raptorial |
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What are veins for in wings?
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-reinformcement
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What are wing types on insects?
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-hemelytra; true bugs
-elytra; Colorado Potato Beetle -scale; butterflies |
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What are two modified ovipositors?
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-stinger
-cerci |
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What is a cerci?
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-a modified ovipositer used for grasping, alarm, skipping ahead, and breathing
*has fast axon nerve to legs |
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What is the major difference between humans and insect respiration?
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-humans have blood cells for oxygen, insects don't
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What are spiracles?
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-doors into and out of insect for respiration
-open for oxygen, close to keep moisture in -located on thorax and abdomen (differ in numbers) |
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What type of circulatory system to insects have?
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-open
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What valve lets blood in?
Out to head? |
-ostium
-aorta |
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What is the equivalent to blood in insects?
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-hemolymph
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What is reflex bleeding?
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-bleeding from joints in defense against being eaten (bitter tasting)
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What are the three basic parts of the digestive tract?
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-foregut
-midgut -hindgut |
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Describe the foregut.
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-lined with cuticle and is shed when insect molts
-siliva and enzymes -predigested, processed, and stored |
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Describe the midgut
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-not line with cuticle
-breaks down food -absorbs nutrients |
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Describe the hindgut.
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-water is extracted and mixed with urine and pushed out
-lined with cuticle and shed when insect molts |
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Describe insect body fat.
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-yellowish white mass
-mostly for storagte of nutrients -sugar balance |
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What is like kidneys in insects and cleans blood?
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-Malpighian tubules
(Marcello Malpighi in 17th century) |
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Describ Malpighian tubules.
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-floatin gin hemolymph
-bathed in body fluid -eliminates nitrogen waste -maintain ion blaance -located between midgut and hindgut -dumps uric acid in with feces |
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what are the types of "urine" waste products in different creature?
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-terrestrial insects: uric acid
-aquatic: ammonia -humans: urea |
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What is included in the volutary CNS?
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-brain
-ganglia or nerce bindles -ventral nerve cord |
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What is the purpose of the central command?
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-integrates information
-determines insect response -controls colunatary action -involved in learning |
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Describe Ganglia.
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-can act seperately from brain
-delegates authority down stream |
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-What is teh peripheral nervous system for?
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*Bring information to CNS
-antenna -eyes -various organs *Sned repsponse back to muscles -run, sting, eat |
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What is the vesceral nervaous system?
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-involuntary action:
-digestion, heart beat, spiracles |
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What transports oxygen through insects and how?
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-the tracheal system by having O2 dissolve in water
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