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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the framework of the body
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skeletal system
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number of bones in the body
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about 206
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two divisions of skeletal system
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axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton
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bones includes in the axial skeleton
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skull, hyoid, vertebrae, sternum, ribs
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bones in the appendicular skeleton
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bones of the appendages
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two main parts of the skull
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cranium, facial bones
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brain case
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cranium
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important cranial bones
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frontal bone, parietal bones, temporal bones, occipital bone
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membranes that connect he bones of an infant's cranium
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fontanels
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uneven lines where pieces of the cranium are fused together
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sutures
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most important facial bones
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maxillary bones, palatine bones
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roof of the mouth
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palate
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only movable bone of the skull
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mandible
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tissues that join bones to bones
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ligaments
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hollow spaces in certain skull bones
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sinuses
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bone in your upper neck
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hyoid bone
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smallest bones in the human body
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middle ear bones: malleus, incus, stapes
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columnlike structure with 33 segments
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vertebral column
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the 33 segments in the vertebral column
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vertebrae
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flexible cartilage found between the vertebrae
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intervertebral disks
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a tough, rubbery connective tissue that cushions joints between bones
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cartilage
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the four regions of the vertebral column
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thoracic, lumbar, pelvic, sacral
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the seven vertebrae in the neck
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cervical vertebrae
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the segment of the vertebral column that is the longest
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thoracic vertebrae
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the larges vertebrae
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lumbar vertebrae
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the vertebrae in the pelvic region
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sacral vertebrae
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four vertebrae that are separate in infants but fused in adults
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coccyx
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severe lateral curvature of the spine
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scoliosis
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protects the internal organs of the thoracic cavity
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thoracic cage
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long, curved bones attached to the vertebrae and the sternum
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ribs
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breastbone
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sternum
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join the ribs to the sternum
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costal cartilages
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the upper seven pairs of ribs
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true ribs
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all the ribs except the upper seven
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false ribs
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the two bottom pairs of ribs
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floating ribs
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all the shoulder bones
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pectoral girdle
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the shoulder blades
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scapulae
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the collarbone
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clavicle
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the upper arm bone
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humerus
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the forearm bone on the same side as your pinkie
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ulna
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the forearm bone on the same side as your thumb
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radius
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the wrist bones
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carpus
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the main hand bones
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metacarpals
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the finger and thumb bones
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phalanges
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the pelvis
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pelvic girdle
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the thigh bone
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femur
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the lower leg bone that extends from knee to ankle
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tibia
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the lower leg bone that is smaller and on the outside
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fibula
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the kneecap
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patella
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attaches muscle to bonetendon
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the ankle bones
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tarsus
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the feet bones
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metatarsals
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the toe bones
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phalanges
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four categories of bones
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long, short, flat, irregular
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purpose of long bones
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support your weight, work with muscles
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what short bones are
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as wide as they are long
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purpose of flat bones
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protect vital organs
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the shaft of a bone
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diaphysis
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the knobby ends of a bone
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epiphysis
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outer shell of a bone
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compact bone
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inner part of a bone
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spongy bone
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special tissue that manufactures red blood cells
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red marrow
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hollow core of a bone
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medullary cavity
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fatty substance in the medullary cavity
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yellow marrow
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tough, resilient protein that reinforces bones
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collagen
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special cells that removing old bone material and make room for new
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osteoclasts
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special cells that construct new collage in bones
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osteoblasts
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nutrients important to bone health
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calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin C
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disease caused by vitamin D deficiency
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rickets
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Wolff's law
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bones adjust their shapes to the physical stress placed on them
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replacement of cartilage with bone material (before birth and during childhood)
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ossification
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a break or crack in a bone
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fracture
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occurs when a bone breaks but does not pierce the skin
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simple fracture
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occurs when bone breaks and pierces the skin
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compound fracture
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kind of cells used to heal bones
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the kind always found in bones (not scar tissue)
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places where bones join
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joints
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kinds of joints
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immovable, slightly movable, freely movable
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clear, water-based lubricant in the elbows
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synovial fluid
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connects bones
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ligaments
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6 types of freely movable joints
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hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot, ellipsoid, gliding, saddle
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example of hinge joint
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knee
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example of ball-and-socket joint
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hip
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example of pivot joint
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forearm at elbow
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example of ellipsoid joint
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knuckles
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example of gliding joint
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carpals (hand)
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example of saddle joint
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thumb at base
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joint which has the most range of movement
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ball-and-socket
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inflammation of the joints
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arthritis
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most common form of arthritis
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osteoarthritis
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arthritis the occurs when the immune system attacks joints
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rheumatoid arthritis
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occurs when the ligaments of a joint are overstressed
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sprain
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occurs when a bone pops out of alignment
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dislocation
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three types of muscle
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skeletal, smooth, cardiac
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muscles whose primary function is to move
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skeletal muscles
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makes up skeletal muscles
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muscle fibers
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appearance of skeletal muscles
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striated
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muscle designed for slow, powerful, prolonged contractions
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smooth muscles
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muscles chiefly responsible for moving the head
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sternocleidomastoid muscles
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muscles on the side of the head
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temporalis, masseter
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muscles that move the shoulders
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trapezius
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muscles between the ribs
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intercostal muscles
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important muscles that move the upper arms
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pectoralis major, deltoid, latissimus dorsi
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muscles the move the lower arms
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biceps brachii, triceps brachii
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muscles from the sternum to the pelvic girdle (in front)
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rectus abdominus
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muscles from the ribs to the pelvis (on the sides)
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external oblique
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muscles along the spinal column
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erector spinae
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muscles that move your upper legs
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gluteus maximus
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muscles that move the lower legs
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quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, sartorius
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muscle in the calf that extends the foot
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gastrocnemius
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encloses the biceps muscle
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fascia
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connect muscle to bone
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tendons
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individual muscle cells
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muscle fibers
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long cylinders that extend the length of a muscle cell
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myofibrils
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millions of overlapping proteins arranged in repeating units
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sarcomeres
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the point at which a motor nerve connects to a muscle cell
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neuromuscular junction
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a group of muscle cells connected to a single motor neuron
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motor unit
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the principle on which muscles contract and relax
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all-or-none principle
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enlargement of muscles through use
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hypertrophy
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muscle degeneration
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atrophy
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muscle fibers that contain many mitochondria and myoglobin
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red fibers
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muscle fibers with fewer mitochondria and myoglobin
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white fibers
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awareness of body movement
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muscle sense
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