A Beka Biology Chapter 18

Front 1

animals that regulate their body temperature by external factors

Back 1

cold-blooded

Front 2

animals whose body temperatures fluctuate with their surroundings

Back 2

poikilotherms

Front 3

characteristics of all true reptiles

Back 3

vertebrates; cold-blooded; dry, tough skins

Front 4

to lose the outer layer of skin

Back 4

molt

Front 5

how reptiles breathe

Back 5

one (some snakes) or two lungs

Front 6

how reptiles reproduce

Back 6

mostly oviparous

Front 7

reptiles which bear young alive from eggs

Back 7

ovoviviparous

Front 8

elongated, four-legged reptiles with a tapered tail

Back 8

lizads

Front 9

only sea lizards

Back 9

marine iguanas on the Galapagos Islands

Front 10

largest lizard

Back 10

Komodo dragon

Front 11

only two venomous lizards

Back 11

Gila monster, Mexican beaded lizard

Front 12

the "American chameleon" which is not a chameleon

Back 12

anole

Front 13

lizard with seasonal color changs

Back 13

racerunner

Front 14

legless lizard found in Eastern US

Back 14

glass snake

Front 15

various lizard defenses

Back 15

detaching tails, hiding, gliding, frill encircling the head, horns, poison, camouflage

Front 16

only lizard that can make a loud noise

Back 16

gecko

Front 17

legless vertebrates with long, cylindrical bodies covered with dry scales

Back 17

snakes

Front 18

sideways movement of snakes

Back 18

lateral undulation

Front 19

alternately stretching and shortening to move

Back 19

rectilinear movement

Front 20

alternately coiling and uncoiling

Back 20

concertina movement

Front 21

lifting body off the ground and throwing it sideways

Back 21

sidewinding movement

Front 22

fastest known snake

Back 22

black mamba

Front 23

features of snake eyes

Back 23

see poorly, round or slitlike pupils, no blinking, transparent scales cover eyes

Front 24

what lower jaws of snakes are attached to

Back 24

quadrate bone

Front 25

how a snake smells

Back 25

tonuge

Front 26

cavities in the roof of a snake's mouth that are sensitive to odor

Back 26

Jacobson's organ

Front 27

how snakes swallow prey larger than itself

Back 27

whole, using double-hinged jaws

Front 28

how a snake does not suffocate while swallowing

Back 28

trachea extends out of mouth

Front 29

zoologists who study reptiles and amphibians

Back 29

herpetologists

Front 30

categories of snakes

Back 30

blind snakes, constrictors, colubrids, elapids, vipers

Front 31

three largest snakes

Back 31

pythones, anacondas, boas

Front 32

hollow or grooved venom-injecting teeth

Back 32

fangs

Front 33

snakes with immovable fangs in the front of the upper jaw, always poisonous

Back 33

elapids

Front 34

largest venomous snake

Back 34

king cobra

Front 35

have long, movable fangs attached to the front of the upper jaw

Back 35

viperids

Front 36

sensory depression on each side of the head to sense heat

Back 36

pit viper

Front 37

nerve poison

Back 37

neruotoxin

Front 38

blood poison

Back 38

hemotoxin

Front 39

antibodies that attack and neutralize toxin molecules

Back 39

antitoxins

Front 40

reptile with a shell and toothless jaws

Back 40

turtle

Front 41

upper shell of a turtle

Back 41

carapace

Front 42

lower shell of a turtle

Back 42

plastron

Front 43

tough, horny outer layer of the turtle's shell

Back 43

shields

Front 44

characteristics of turtles

Back 44

live in warm regions, toothless, claws on forelimbs, lungs

Front 45

state of summer dormancy or limited activity

Back 45

estivation

Front 46

eardrums

Back 46

tympanic membranes

Front 47

transparent membrane which lubricates and protects a turtle's eye

Back 47

nictitating membrane

Front 48

largest family of turtles

Back 48

freshwater

Front 49

two groups of freshwater turtles

Back 49

hard-shelled, soft-shelled

Front 50

turtles with webbed feet

Back 50

soft-whelled turtles

Front 51

largest living turtles

Back 51

marine turtles

Front 52

land turtles with feet and claws suitable for land life

Back 52

tortoise

Front 53

one of the world's largest living land turtles

Back 53

giant tortoise of the Galapagos Islands

Front 54

largest living reptiles

Back 54

crocodilians

Front 55

types of crocodilians

Back 55

alligators, crocodiles, gavials

Front 56

the only species in its family and order

Back 56

tuatara

Front 57

third eye of tuatara located on the top of the head

Back 57

parietal eye

Front 58

large group of extinct creatures that resemble reptiles in some ways

Back 58

dinosaurs

Front 59

largest dinosaur

Back 59

sauropods

Front 60

bipedal dinosaurs with powerful lower legs, dangerous

Back 60

theropods

Front 61

group of dinosaurs including Triceratops

Back 61

ceratopians

Front 62

similar to dinosaurs but able to fly

Back 62

pterodactyls

Front 63

dinosaurlike sea creatures

Back 63

plesiosaurs

Front 64

coldblooded vertebrates that live both on land and in water

Back 64

amphibians

Front 65

three orders of living amphibians

Back 65

frogs and toads, salamanders, caecilians

Front 66

characteristics of amphibians

Back 66

diversity of structure; two pairs of limbs (mostly); oviparous (mostly) with a larval stage; no claws; breathe with gills during larval stage and with lungs as adults; three-chambered heart; poikilotherms

Front 67

leaping, tailless amphibians with smooth skin

Back 67

frogs

Front 68

leaping, tailless amphibians with rough, warty skin

Back 68

toads

Front 69

common usage of term toad

Back 69

land-living frogs and toads

Front 70

most common protection for frogs and toads

Back 70

camouflage

Front 71

branched pigment cells that control skin coloration in amphibians, reptiles, and fish

Back 71

chromatophores

Front 72

most well-known poisonous frogs

Back 72

arrow-poison frog

Front 73

how male helps female frog to expel eggs

Back 73

amplexus

Front 74

metamorphosis of a tadpole

Back 74

eggs hatch; tadpole clings to vegetation; tadpole develops longer tail and fin, starts to swim (breathing with gills); hind legs appear, then forelegs; tail begins to be reabsorbed; digestive system shortens; gills are replaced by lungs and gill slits close

Front 75

most prominent feature on a frog's head

Back 75

eyes

Front 76

most prominent feature in a frog's mouth

Back 76

long, protrusible tongue

Front 77

teeth extending from the roof of a frog's mouth

Back 77

vomerine teeth

Front 78

membrane that holds the pancreas in place

Back 78

mesentery

Front 79

amphibians resembling lizards but with the characteristics of amphibians

Back 79

salamanders

Front 80

gelatinous structure which holds salamander sperm

Back 80

spermatophore

Front 81

salamanders which remain in the water, breathing with gills, their whole lives

Back 81

paedomorphosis

Front 82

how lungless salamanders get air

Back 82

through cutaneous (through the skin) respiration supplemented by buccal (through the mouth) respiration

Front 83

how salamanders hear

Back 83

through the forelimbs and a muscle connected to the inner ear

Front 84

largest living amphibian

Back 84

Japanese giant salamander

Front 85

aquatic, nocturnal, paedomorphosic salamander common in the US

Back 85

mud puppy

Front 86

salamanders that are generally paedomorphosic but can transition if their water environment dries up

Back 86

axolotls

Front 87

terrestrials forms of certain salamanders

Back 87

efts

Front 88

aquatic form of the efts

Back 88

newts

Front 89

look like eels

Back 89

sirens

Front 90

wormlike amphibians

Back 90

caecilians