A And P Quiz On Lymphatic System

Front 1

Lymph

Back 1

clear, colorless fluid similar to blood plasma but with less protein. Can contain lymphocytes, digested lipids, as well as numerous pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, cellular debris or travelling cancer cells.

Front 2

Lymphatic vessels

Back 2

have construction similar to veins with 3 tunics. Lymphatic vessels have thinner walls than veins and more valves.

Front 3

Lymphatic capillaries

Back 3

present in almost all tissues except the central nervous system, cartilage, bone and bone marrow.
a. Made of sacs of overlapping endothelial cells that are closed at one end. The distal ends merge together into larger vessels.
b. The cells are not connected by tight junctions. The overlapping cells create valve-like flaps that can admit large objects such as other cells.
c. When interstitial fluid pressures are higher than inside the lymphatic capillary, the flaps open inward to allow flow into the vessel. When pressures are higher in the lymphatic capillary, the flaps are closed.
d. Protein filaments anchor the endothelial cells to surrounding cells, keeping the sac from collapsing.

Front 4

Lymph flow

Back 4

from lymphatic capillaries to collecting vessels, through lymph nodes, then through more collecting vessels to six lymphatic trunks to two collecting ducts to the subclavian veins.

Front 5

Lymphatic organs

Back 5

lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, and spleen.

Front 6

Lymph nodes

Back 6

there are hundreds embedded in connective tissues all over the body. They are bean-shaped with an interior that is divided into compartments filled with reticular connective tissue and lymphocytes.

Front 7

Tonsils

Back 7

patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance to the pharynx. Ingested and inhaled pathogens get caught in pits in the tonsils and are met by lymphocytes. There are five tonsils total: 2 lingual tonsils at the root of the tongue, 2 palatine tonsils on either side of the oropharynx, and a single pharyngeal tonsil in the nasopharynx.

Front 8

Thymus

Back 8

found in the mediastinum superior to the large vessels of the heart. It houses developing lymphocytes and secretes hormones that stimulate the development and later activity of T lymphocytes and make them capable of fighting pathogens.

Front 9

Spleen

Back 9

found inferior to the diaphragm, dorsal to the stomach on the left side of the abdomen. Contains two types of tissue: red pulp composed of concentrated erythrocytes and white pulp composed of lymphocytes and macrophages.
a. The spleen is a blood reservoir in adults and produces blood cells in the fetus.
b. Splenic macrophages phagocytize ruptured erythrocytes, blood-borne pathogens and debris, thus filtering blood similar to lymph nodes.
c. Lymphocytes and macrophages of the white pulp detect foreign antigens in blood and help activate immune reactions.
d. If the spleen is lost, its functions can be taken over by the liver and bone marrow.

Front 10

anastomosis

Back 10

alternative route of flow in the circulatory system

Front 11

3 layers of vessel wall

Back 11

tunica externa
tunica media
tunica interna

Front 12

Large Arteries

Back 12

tunca media perforated sheets of elastic tissue with smooth muscle in between

Front 13

distributing arteries

Back 13

-distributes blood to specific organs
-smooth muscle is the majority of the wall

Front 14

resistance arteries

Back 14

-arterioles control amount of blood to various organs
-not much elasticity

Front 15

metarteriole

Back 15

goes through a capillary bed
-can constrict and by-pass a capillary bed
-artery walls

Front 16

fentrations

Back 16

gaps in arteries
found in organs like the kidney's, liver and spleen where rapid exchange can occur (filtration and absorption

Front 17

sinusoid

Back 17

blood filled pockets in some organs, bigger things into blood

Front 18

veins

Back 18

lower pressure that arteries
-thinner walls less muscle and elastic tissue
-high capacitance
-veins contain over half of your blood

Front 19

circulatory shock

Back 19

loss of blood going to key organs
-cardiac output insufficient to meet metabolic needs