Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
CNS
|
central nervous system
|
|
|
PNS
|
peripheral nervous system
|
|
|
Nerve
|
bundle of axons/ fibers PNS
|
|
|
Tract
|
bundle of fibers/axons in CNS
|
|
|
Ganglion
|
collection of nueronal cell bodies in the PNS
|
|
|
Nucleus
|
collection of nueronal cell bodies in the CNS
|
|
|
somatic
|
parts of the body other than the organs
|
|
|
somatic sensory
|
info from the skin touch pressure and from skeletal muscle and joints
|
|
|
is somatic sensory affarent or efferent
|
afferent bc info is going from PNS to CNS
|
|
|
Somatic motor
|
contraction of skeletal muscles
|
|
|
are somatic motor affarent or efferent
|
efferent bc the action potentials are being conducted away from the CNS
|
|
|
Visceral
|
organs
|
|
|
visceral sensory
|
info that doesnt reach and concious level ie blood pressure
some info that does reach a concious level ie pain |
|
|
visceral motor
|
activates smooth muscle cardiac muscle and glands
|
|
|
what is the visceral part usually called
|
the autonomic nervous system
|
|
|
olfaction
|
smell
|
|
|
gustation
|
taste
|
|
|
audition
|
hearing
|
|
|
vestibular
|
balence
|
|
|
name the three levels of the brain at 3 wks of development
|
prsencephalon, mesencephalon, rhomencephalon
|
|
|
name the 5 layers of the brain at 6 wks of development
|
telenchephalon, dienchephalon, mesenchephalon, metencephalon, mylencephalon
|
|
|
what are sulci
|
the valleys
|
|
|
what are gyrus
|
the hills
|
|
|
what do the gyri and sulci do
|
increase the surface area of the cortical tissue
|
|
|
what is the landmark of alzheimers disease
|
dimenita and memory loss patients cant form new memories
|
|
|
corpus collosum
|
huge tract that provides communication between the left and right hemishperes
|
|
|
what makes up the lentiform nucleus
|
putamen and globus pallidus
|
|
|
what makes up the striatum
|
caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus internal capsule
|
|
|
where is input to the striatum coming from
|
cerebral cortex
|
|
|
where is inhibitory output from the striatum going
|
thalamus
|
|
|
hyperkinetic
|
more movement
|
|
|
hypo kinetic
|
less movement
|
|
|
what causes huntingtons
|
a loss of gabaergic nuerons causes rapid jerky movements of distal extremities
|
|
|
what causes parkinsons
|
substania niagra is darker and dopaminergic neurons are lost
|
|
|
what is the ending for a nuerotransmitter
|
ergic
|
|
|
what does L dopa do
|
make synapses produce more dopamine
|
|
|
in parkinsons where is the loss of inhibitory input to
|
striatum
|
|
|
in parkinsons where is the increased inhibitory output
|
from striatum to the thalamus
|
|
|
what is the landmark fo the diencephalon
|
3rd ventricle
|
|
|
what is in the epihtalamus
|
pinela gland and choroid plexus
|
|
|
where are inputs to the thalumus coming from
|
somatic sensory basal ganglia cerebellum motro areas of crebral cotex
|
|
|
what is the thalamus
|
group of large nuclei divided by the 3rd ventricle
largley functions as a relay station |
|
|
where is the output from the thalamus going
|
cerebral cortex
|
|
|
name the 9 functions of the thatlamus
|
1control and integrate visceral motor system
2integrate visceral sensory info 3 control of much of edocrine system 4 translates emotional stress into organ changes 5 regualtes hunger 6 regulates thirst 7 rage agression 8 sex 9 temp regulation shivering sweating |
|
|
whtat is the landmark of the mesencephalon
|
cerebral aqueduct
|
|
|
superior colliculi
|
reflex movements of eyes and head in response to visual stimulli
|
|
|
inferior colliculi
|
reflex movements of head in response to auditory stumuli
|
|
|
cerebral peduncles
|
large collection of tracts both asscending and decending
|
|
|
what do cranial neves 3 and 4 do when they are damaged
|
cause unresponsiveness to painfull stimuli pupils fixed and dialated
|
|
|
substantia nigra
|
on cerebral peduncles outputs to striatum and superior colliculi
|
|
|
red nucleus
|
brainstem somatic motor
|
|
|
what is the landmark of the metencephalon
|
the pons and the 4th ventricle
|
|
|
pons
|
bridge many connections
|
|
|
what kind of fibers doesthe metencephalon have
|
large collections of fibers projecting from cortex to psinal cord from sp cord to thatlamus
|
|
|
what cranial nerves are in the metencephalon
|
567 and the vestibular part of 8
|
|
|
is the cerebellum in the metencephalon
|
yes, responsable for somatic motor damage would cause no coordinated movements
|
|
|
what is the landmark for the myelencephalon
|
medulla olongata
|
|
|
pyramids
|
somatic motor tracts
|
|
|
what else is in the myelencephalon
|
nucleus gracilis nucleus cuneatus and the cochlear part of 8 cranial nerves 9 10 11 12
|
|
|
what are these nucei in the myelencephalon involved in doing
|
ventillation and cardiovascular control
|
|
|
anatomically ill
|
defined group of nuclei that are found throughout the brainstem
|
|
|
what is the recticular activating sytem
|
responsible for going between sleep and wake states
resposible for the activity measured on an EEG mostly found in brainstem |
|
|
limbic system
|
associated with terms like fear hope anxiety joy pleasure
|
|
|
amygdala
|
nuclear complex in temporal lobe attatches emotional significane to memories when they are recalled
|
|
|
what are the components of a reflex
|
1 stimulus
2 affarent pathway 3 CNS integration 4 efferent pathway 5 response |
|
|
in a spinal relex what is the affarent pathway
|
sensory neron
|
|
|
in a spinal reflex what is the efferent pathway
|
motor neuron
|
|
|
what does the inhibitory neron do
|
stops the antagonist muscle from contracting so that the limb can be retracted
|
|
|
what is the response in the withdrawl reflex
|
the hamstring is contracted
|
|
|
where are the somatic neron cell bodies
|
in the ventral part of the spinal cord
|
|
|
the stimulus in a withdrawl reflex causes excitetory input and this does what
|
activateds inhibitory input
|
|
|
what is a jacksonian seizure
|
abnormal electrical activity in the brain that spreads to other parts depolorizes nerons which causes movement of the skeletal muscles
|
|
|
what is the general layout of the representation of the skeletal groups on the jacksonian model
|
toes up to shoulder hand neck eyes jaw tounge last is speech
|
|
|
where do fibers cross in the corticospinal pathway
|
in the caudal medulla, the lateral corticospinal pathway
|
|
|
where do fibers not cross in the corticospinal pathway
|
the anterior corticospinal tract of the spinal cord
|
|
|
what is the primary function of the pyramidal pathway
|
coordinated precise volutary movements
|
|
|
what is a normal response for a plantar reflex
|
flexion of toes downgoing
|
|
|
what is an abnormal response for plantar reflex
|
babaskis sign upgoing toes in an adult
|
