A & A Exam

Front 1

Dexmedetomidine brand name

Back 1

dexdomitor, sedation and analgesia

Front 2

Antagonist to dexmedetomidine—atipamazole

brand name to atipamazole

Back 2

Antisedan

Front 3

Detomidine brand name

Back 3

Dormosedan

Front 4

Romifidine brand name

Back 4

Sedivet

Front 5

Tolazoline, Alpha 2 antagonists

Back 5

reverses cardiovascular and sedative effects

Front 6

Yohimbine

Back 6

reverses cardiovascular and sedative effects of xylazine

Front 7

Atipamezole

Back 7

Antisedan® , Specific antagonist for dexmedetomidine

Front 8

Opioids

Back 8

Derivatives of opiumOpiates—naturally derived compoundsProduce analgesia and sedation, preanesthetic

Front 9

commonly used opioids, agonists

Back 9

Morphine (c-11), hydromorphone, oxymorphone, fentanyl, and meperidine

Front 10

commonly used opioids, partial agonists

Back 10

Buprenorphine (c111)Agonist-antagonists-Butorphanol (c-IV) and nalbuphine

Front 11

commonly used opioids- Antagonists (not controlled)

Back 11

Naloxone, etorphine, and carfentenil

Front 12

opioids have a______margin of safety and are administered ______

Back 12

Administered IV, IM, SC, Oral, rectal, transdermal, subarachnoid, and epidural

Wide margin of safety

Front 13

opioids target what?

Back 13

Result of action on the receptors in the brain and spinal cord

Front 14

The effect of an opioid depends on?

Back 14

the dose, route of administration, agent used, species of patient, temperament, and pain status.

Front 15

Narcosis

Back 15

is a sleep-like state induced by high doses of an opioid.

Front 16

some effects of opioids

Back 16

bradycardia, decrease tidal volume and rate, miosis in dogs, hypothermia in dogs, hyperthermia in cats, sweating in horses, cns excitement, disorientation, GI issues, diarrhea, vomiting, facial swelling, colic, bowel obstruction, addiction,

Front 17

The ceiling effect occurs when

Back 17

there is no greater respiratory depression with high doses than with low doses.

Front 18

Neuroleptanalgesia

Back 18

A profound state of sedation andanalgesia induced by stimultaneous administration of an opioid and atranquilizer

Front 19

Opioids that can be mixed with tranquilizers

Back 19

Morphine Buprenorphine Butorphanol Hydromorphone

Front 20

tranqs that can be mixed with opioids for sedation and analgesia

Back 20

Acepromazine DiazepamMidazolam XylazineDexmedetomidine

Front 21

An agonist-antagonist (___) can be used to partially reverse the effects of a pure agonist

Back 21

butorphanol

Front 22

Naloxone Hydrochloride, in ___ for 5 minutes for reversal. If in ___ administer slowly for 2 minutes. duration of ___-____minutes

Back 22

IM, IV, 30-60

Front 23

Use of opioid antagonists

Back 23

Emergencies, OverdoseReverse neuroleptan algesiaReviving neonates delivered by C-sectionIf dam received opioidsOne drop placed under the tongue

Front 24

Butorphanol

Back 24

Dolorex- 10 mg/mL, 50 mL vialTorbugesic- 2 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 10 or 50 mL vialButorphanol- 10 mg/mL, 10 or 50 mL vialButorphic- 10 mg/mL, 20 mL vial

Front 25

Buprenorphine

Back 25

Buprenorphine- 0.3 mg/mL, 10 x 1 mL vialSimbadol- 1.8 mg/mL, 10 mL vialBuprenex- 0.3 mg/mL, 5 x 1 mL ampules

Front 26

ideal induction agent qualities

Back 26

Rapid onset of action, Smooth induction, Smooth recovery, non-irritant, Short duration of action, Non-cumulative (you can add to it), Rapid metabolism, Non toxic or no metabolites, Minimal cardiopulmonary side effects, Minimal cardiopulmonary side effects, Stable in storageProduce degree of muscle relaxation_High Therapeutic Index

Front 27

Injectable Anesthetics

Back 27

dont provide analgesic or muscle relaxation, can produce unconsciousness. Barbiturates, propofol, and etomidate

Front 28

Barbiturates, ultra short and short

Back 28

UltrashortThiopental sodium, methohexital, and thiamylal.

shortPentobarbitalLaboratory animalsInduce general anesthesiaTreat epilepsy in small animals

Front 29

Action of Barbiturates

Back 29

Mimics the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABACauses CNS depression and loss of consciousness

Front 30

Variations ofBarbiturate Redistribution, Thiopental

Back 30

—ultra–short-acting Redistributed to muscle and fat and slowly released

Front 31

Variations ofBarbiturate Redistribution, methohexital

Back 31

ultra–short-actingRedistributed to muscle and fat but released fasterMuscle and fat don’t get “full” so there is no prolonged recovery with continuous or repeated doses

Front 32

Phenobarbital

Back 32

—long acting Sustained effect caused by slow uptake and release from the brain Release is dependent on kidney excretion, which is slowest

Front 33

pentobarbital

Back 33

—short acting Brain levels decrease based on liver metabolism Faster than kidney excretion

Front 34

use of barbiturates

Back 34

Use alone for short procedures_Always intubate

Front 35

effects of barbiturates

Back 35

Decreased respiratory rate and tidal volume_Brief apnea__(thiopental)Shallow breaths (pentobarbital)Respiratory acidosisPoor tissue oxygenation

Front 36

Bigeminy

Back 36

_ the occurrence of two beats of the pulse in rapid succession

Front 37

adverse effects of barbiturates

Back 37

Pre-oxygenization—3-5 minutes, bigeminy, Cardiac arrhythmia with VPCs, neonate resp. depression, sloughs and tissue irritation, exaggerated potency_in sighthounds, critically ill patients, hypoproteinemic or acidotic patients

Front 38

Pentobarbital

Back 38

Primary ingredient in _euthanasia_ solutions, inject able only

Front 39

Phenobarbital

Back 39

long acting_ barbiturateUsed to treat _seizures, available in tablets and injectable

Front 40

Propofol

Back 40

Ultra–short-acting, _nonbarbiturate__ anesthetic, IV for _anesthestic induction_and short term maintence, non controlled

Front 41

propofol is _______water soluble. it can be milky and given _____

Back 41

minimally , IV

Front 42

effects of propofol to cns

Back 42

CNSDose-dependent depression from sedation to general anesthesia

Front 43

effects of propofol to heart

Back 43

Cardiovascular system_cardiac depressant_____Transient hypotension

Front 44

effects of propofol

Back 44

causes twitching during induction, safe to use in animals with liver disease or kidney disease. decreases intraocular pressure.

Front 45

adverse effects of propofol

Back 45

CNSTransient excitement and muscle tremors (induction)Paddling, muscle twitching, nystagmus, opisthotonus (resembles seizures)Cardiovascular system_hypotension___—transient

Front 46

Discard unused after __ hours or __ hours of opening, ___ year shelf life if unopened. It is more ________than ketamine-diazeopamor thiopental

Back 46

24-28 hours, 3 years, expensive

Front 47

diazepam brand and zolazepam

Back 47

Valium, telazol