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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why does atoms have their own unit of mass?
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Because atomic particles are so small, they have their own unit of measure called atomic mass unit.
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What is the atomic mass unit?
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1/12 of a carbon atoms that contains 6 protons and 6 neutrons
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A proton and neutron both have a mass of nearly ____.
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1 AMU
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An electron is so small that it is considered to be _____.
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0 AMU
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A proton equals _______.
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1.67 x 10-24 grams
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Describe the particles in an atom, their charge, AMU and location.
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proton +1 1AMU in nucleus
neutron 0 1AMU in nucleus electron -1 0 AMU outside of nucleus |
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In a neutral atom, the number of protons ______ the number of electrons.
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equals
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What is nuclear radiation?
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Reactions that involve the nucleus of an atom that result in particles and energy being given off by the nucleus.
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Name two types of nuclear radiation:
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1. alpha particles
2. beta particles |
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What are alpha particles?
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1. largely positively charged particles
2. made of 2 protons & 2 neutrons 3. little energy - can't penetrate very far |
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What is a beta particle?
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1. tiny negatively charged particles
2. no mass 3. has more energy than the alpha particle |
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Beta particles are thought to be electrons, but how does an electron come from the nucleus?
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Neutrons are believed to be a proton and electron combined. If they split, the electron becomes a beta particle and leaves the nucleus.
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What is a gamma ray?
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1. electromagnetic wave similar to a radio wave
2. a lot of energy 3. can penetrate large objects |
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When are gamma rays released?
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During an type of nuclear reaction.
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When does nuclear decay occur?
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When a particle leaves the nucleus, along with gamma rays.
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Why are nuclear explosion so dangerous?
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Nuclear decay creates a chain reaction that is dangerous.
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What is fission?
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The splitting apart of a nucleus which releases a lot of energy.
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What is fusion?
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The combining small nuclei to form a large one that gives off 1,000x's time more energy than fission (Sun).
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