9Th Grade World History Ancient Middle East/religions

Front 1

Cuneiform

Back 1

a language made by the Sumerians that is formed from clay wedges.

Front 2

Arch

Back 2

a curved structure over an opening.

Front 3

Ziggurats

Back 3

temples that were purposefully built in the flat land of the valley.

Front 4

City-state

Back 4

a town or a city and the surrounding land it controlled.

Front 5

Sargon

Back 5

the ruler of Akkad, he later conquered Sumer.

Front 6

Hammurabi

Back 6

a strong ruler of Babylon, conquered most of the Tigris-Euphrates valley; created a code for the Babylon people.

Front 7

Nebuchadnezzar

Back 7

ruler of the Chaldeans - he conquered most of the Fertile Crescent and governed from 605 B.C. to 562 B.C.

Front 8

Cyrus

Back 8

Persian ruler who rebelled against the Menes, he captured Babylon and took over the rest of the Fertile Crescent and Asia Minor.

Front 9

Zoroaster

Back 9

a great prophet who changed the Persian's religion.

Front 10

Covenant

Back 10

solemn agreement.

Front 11

Ethical Monotheism

Back 11

a belief in a single god, with emphasized ethics, or proper conduct.

Front 12

Rabbis

Back 12

Jewish scholars who interpreted sculpture and learned in the Jewish law.

Front 13

Martyrs

Back 13

Christians who were put to death for their beliefs.

Front 14

Bishops

Back 14

head of a church in each of the cities.

Front 15

Patriarchs

Back 15

the bishops of the great empire cities.

Front 16

Pope

Back 16

the Patriarch of Rome took the title of "The Pope;" he is supreme over the other Patriarchs.

Front 17

Bedouins

Back 17

nomads who moved from one grazing area to another in the flocks.

Front 18

Hijrah

Back 18

a migration to Mecca.

Front 19

Jihad

Back 19

the struggle to defend the faith.

Front 20

Msques

Back 20

Muslim place of worship.

Front 21

Jibreel

Back 21

the angel that talked to Muhammad.

Front 22

Shahadah

Back 22

the profession of faith.

Front 23

Kabah

Back 23

the direction that Muslims face when praying.

Front 24

Zakat

Back 24

the tax to the church.

Front 25

Al-Razi

Back 25

-greatest doctors of his time.
-chief physician at Baghdad hospital in early A.D. 900.
-made paper on small pox/measles.

Front 26

Ibin Sina

Back 26

-best known Islamic thinker.
-wrote "Canon of Medicine" in early 1000s.
-was used in Europe until 1650.

Front 27

Al-Idrisi

Back 27

Muslim geographer, sent people to other countries to document features there. He would make new, current maps from their findings.

Front 28

The Thousand and One Nighs

Back 28

story of Schenerazade: a tale where Muslim folktales were organized - "Sinbad the Taylor" "Aladdin" & "Ali Baba & the 10 Thieves." (most widely read in history)

Front 29

Muhammad

Back 29

-born in Mecca - 570 A.D.
-at 40, Jibreel spoke to him.
-began the Islamic culture.
-Mecca -> Yathrib -> Mecca.

Front 30

Islam

Back 30

the religion of the Muslims, monotheistic, regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the prophet of Allah.

Front 31

Kaaba

Back 31

the direction that Muslims have to face when praying.

Front 32

Jesus

Back 32

-son of God, amazing prophet.
-part of Christianity and Judaism.
-was killed and was resurrected.

Front 33

Moses

Back 33

-Hebrew/Judaism prophet
-was spoken to by God (Yahweh) to help his people
-led the Exodus - helped his people escape

Front 34

Abraham

Back 34

-founded the Jewish religion
-once lived in Sumer
-led his people to northern borders of Canaan.

Front 35

God, Allah, Yahweh

Back 35

all religions need to worship a God, and the god they all worship is the exact same, just with different names.

Front 36

Saul

Back 36

-united 12 tribes into one.
-the first king of the United Kingdom of Israel.

Front 37

Judeo-Christian ethics

Back 37

-the monotheistic belief in one god.
-carried over to Christianity.
-first established by the Hebrews.

Front 38

Solomon

Back 38

David's son's successor, he helped Israel reach height of wealth and power, & kept relations w/ other leading powers.

Front 39

David

Back 39

Saul's successor, also formed a dynasty, conquered Jeruselem (which would become Israel's capital and religious center).

Front 40

The Five Pillars of Islam

Back 40

1. profession of faith; 2. five daily prayers; 3. paying zakat; 4. fasting during Ramadan; 5. pilgrimage to Mecca

Front 41

The Exodus:
1. Why did Jews leave Egypt?
2. What occurred on the journey?
3. Where did they end up?

Back 41

1. because they were enslaved.
2. they crossed the Red Sea and Mt. Sinai.
3. they ended up in Canaan.

Front 42

What were the accomplishment of the Sumerian Civilization?

Back 42

-knew how to use metal
-writing/number system, calendar
-3 social classes, school classes
-architecture, trade, food

Front 43

What factors and events in Judaea led to the rise of Christianity?

Back 43

1. founded by followers of Jesus.
2. his teachings form the Bible.
3. Jesus' death - being crucified.
4. Jesus' resurrection.