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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a long narrow, deep inlet of the sea between slopes.
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Fjords
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a hill or very low mountain that may also contain mesas and high plateaus.
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Uplands
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a cold, dry wind from the north.
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Mistral
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a hot, steady south wind that blows from North Africa across the Mediterranean Sea into Southern Europe, mostly in spring.
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Sirocco
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a current of warm water from the Tropics.
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North Atlantic Drift
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a wind that blows from the west.
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Westerlies
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land surrounded by water on three sides.
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Peninsula
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an area of shallow water seperated from the sea by low sandy dunes.
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Lagoon
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The sun as seen at midnight during the summer within Arctic and Antarctic regions.
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Midnight Sun
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land that is reclaimed from the sea or other body of water by diking and drainage.
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Polder
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a structure used to control the sea's destructive impact on human life.
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Seawork
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high earthen platforms used in seaworks.
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Terpen
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an earthen bank used to direct or prevent the passage of water.
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Dike
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former inlet of the North Sea in the Netherlands.
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Zuider Zee
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a freshwater lake separated from the North Sea by a dike and boardered by polders.
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Ijsselmeer
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rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water.
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Acid rain
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the cutting down and clearing away of trees and forests.
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Deforestation
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partially decayed plant matter found in bogs.
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Peat
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Brace Map-
Landfomrs... |
Peninsulas
Highlands Islands plains |
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Brace Map-
Peninsulas... |
-Scandinavian
Northern-Jutland -fjords -Iberian(Spain,Port.) Southern-Appenine=Italian -Balkan |
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Brace Map-
Highlands... |
Mountain Ranges
-Apls -Appenine Mts. -Pyrennes Mts. -Balkan Mts. -Carpathian Mts. Uplands -Meseta(Spain) -Massif Central(France) -Kjolen Mts.(Norway/Sweden) -Scottish Highlands -Central Mts. of Germany |
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Brace Map-
Islands... |
Large
-U.K. -Rep. of Ireland -Greenland -Iceland Small -Corsica-French -Sardinia-Italian -Sicily-Italian -Crete-Greece |
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Brace Map-
Plains... |
Northern European Plains
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Upland Examples-
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Massif Central-1/6 of France
Meseta-Spain's center plateau |
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How do mountains and uplands affect European life?
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Seperate/isolate groups of people.
Example: Alps-cut Italy off from the rest of Europe; Balkans Seperates Balkan Peninsula Pyenees cut off Spain and Portugal. -make travel difficult. -influence climate: The Alps block the cold north winds giving Italy a milder climate. The absence of mts. allows winds to flow. |
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How do rivers affect European life?
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-Connect people and goods.
-Aid economic growth. -Aid movement of ideas. 2 major rivers: Danube- 9 countries, 1771 miles, flows west to east, connects Europe with Black Sea Rhine-820 miles, flows from central Europe to the North Sea. |
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Plains...
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-Northern European Plains-fertile, productive farm land.
-Smaller plains in Hungary, Sweden, and northern Italy. |
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Primary Natural Resources...
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coal and iron:
(results: steel and Pollution) oil and natural gas: (North Sea, 1959) Fertile Soil: (33% of Europe's land is suitable for farming; producing timber, grapes, cork, grains, olives) |
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Resources effect...
Example: What group of people has been affected by this natural resource, or lack of other natural resources? |
food, fuel, jobs, housing.
Answer: (Irish/peat) |
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Chapter 12.3
What are sea works and why did the Dutch build them? |
seaworks are structures that are used to control the seas destructive impact on human life. The dikes hold back the sea.
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Complete a flow chart showing the transformation of the Zuider Zee into Lake Ijsselmeer...
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Arm of the North Sea
Build Dikes across entrance No saltwater flowed into water. Became a freshwater lake. |
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In what ways have the people of the Netherlands changed the physical geography of their land?
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the land around the lake was drained creating several polders that added hundreds of miles to the Netherlands.
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What are the steps to building a polder?
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1. Build dikes around a shallow area of water.
2. pump out the water. 3. rain washes salt away. 4. land is created. |
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Why did the city of Venice develop/grow on a islands in a lagoon?
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When people began escaping invadors took shelter on inhospitible islands in a lagoon.
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Give 3 reasons Venice is sinking...
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1. the weight of the buildings
2. rising sea levels. 3. pumping too much water. |
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List 3 things that threaten historic Venice.
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Industrial waste
sewage saltwater |
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What are the earliest causes of deforestation in Europe?
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When Europeans began to develop industry.
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What is the post-industrial revolution threat to the forest of Europe?
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Acid rain.
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1000-1500
Dark Ages |
1215 Magna Carta
Principalities/manors/serfs/ knights. Plague. Crusades. |
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1517
Protestant reformation |
Martin Luther; German priest, 95 theses
Europe became divided; Protestant and Catholic. Printing press invented;Gutenberg. |
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1500-1600
Renaissance |
Rebirth of learning.
Age of exploration and discovery-led to competition for empires and resources- comp. among European nations for raw materials and colonies. |
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1800's
nationalism |
Strong kings emerged and gained power, National Pride and Comp. grew
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1914-1918
World War 1 |
Allies vs. Central Powers
German was defeated. |
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1939-1945
World War 2 |
Allies vs. Axis Powers
Nazis-Holocaust-Japan |
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1946-1989
Post World War 2 |
Partitioning and rebuilding of Europe.
Berlin wall was built. Europe divided: Eastern and Western Europe. "Cold War" era (U.S.A vs U.S.S.R.) |
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1900
Reunification |
1989-Soviet Reforms
1900-Berlin wall was built. Germany reunifies. |
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1952 European coal and steel community
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-agreement btwn. France and Germany.
-common market for steel and coal. -no tariffs(no import taxes) -joined by 4 other countries. |
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1958-EEC(European Economic Community)
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-Became known as "The Common Market"
-12 members. |
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1993-European Union
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-Formed to unite Europe economically, politically and culturally
-2004-25 members. |
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Vocabulary European Union:
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NEXT
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a force that divides people and countries.
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Centrigugal force.
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a force that unites people and countries.
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Centripetal force.
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a group of countries that acts as a single market, without trade barriers between member countries
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Common Market
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a form of international cooperation in which countries give up some control of their affairs as they work together to achieve their goals.
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Supernatural cooperation.
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