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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Pyramid
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Pharaoh-> Nobility->Middle Class-> Lower Class-> foreign slaves
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Pharaoh=...
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(Great House)- considered a god
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Nobility in pyramid
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scribes, high priests, heads of offices, generals, vizier (managed the gov for the pharaoh)
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Middle Class in Pyramid
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craftsman, merchants, soldiers and tomb workers
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Lower Class
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farmers, bulk of the population
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Slaves
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were foreigners not big on slavery
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Capital?
tomb paintings had |
In Thebes (capital) had tomb paintings, court cases, trials
Tomb Paintings showed how people worked |
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def. of Patrilocal
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farming families located at their father’s house, son would take a wife and would live with his family
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Upper Class ate
other stuff they had? |
Upper Class:Meat
Great varetity of spices and food Had pigs, but expensive |
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how do we know what they ate
different oils they had |
in tombs, had pictures
Had olive oil and flax seed |
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had other things, what wared down
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Wool, honey, teeth was wared down, brushed their teeth
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Valley of the Kings
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across from Thebes, where kings were buried in ancient Egypt
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Lower Class Ate
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Light and Dark Beer, Bread, Vegetables, Fish
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had other things, what wared down
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Wool, honey, teeth was wared down, brushed their teeth
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most important dynasty
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18th the longest and most important
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First Pharoah family
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Thutmosis I and Ahmose had a child Hatshepsut in Divine Birth
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def. Devine Birth
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Divine Birth- Aman-Ra dressed as Thutmosis and had a baby with Ahmose
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Second family of Pharoahs
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Hatshepsut married Thutmosis II (died young) and had Neferure
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who was supposed to rule after second family
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Thutmosis III was supposed to rule but Hatshepsut ruled
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women pharaoh
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Hatshepsut went to extreme lengths to show her right to rule
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women pharaoh associated with...
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-associated close with Amon-Ra and her father
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women pharoah's lover
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took a commoner Senemet and was her “lover” and built his and her tomb
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what made egypt rich
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Many vassals that gave Egypt money- became very rich
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who had power after women pharaoh
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Thutmoisis III had power after Hatshepsut (hacked out her name)
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thut III conquered ... and ...
Battle of Joppa |
Conquered Canaan and Nubia, was the one who did the “Trojan horse” thing
Joppa needed food, made a truce with the prince, gave them food, soldiers in the food baskets and jumped out once inside the city |
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Battle of Megiddo, conquered...
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Battle of Megiddo- dangerous to go up the hills and mountains, but he did anyway
Conquered Cyprus-had copper and tin, for weapons, |
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thut III clever idea
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Thutmosis III took princes from the vassels and taught them at the house of life, then when the king died, they would go back; had adopted the Egyptian culture, and they brought that back when ruling
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aman III family
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Amanhotep III married Queen Tiye
Had a son Amanhotep IV and married Nefertiti |
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cause for amarna revolution
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Temple of Aman-Ra- priest believed that god was part of him, gave spoils to the high priest, competing with Amanhotep
Started to worship Aton, the sun god, |
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start of armarna rev
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Amanhotep IV started a revolution
Changed name to Akhematon and started the Amarna Revolution Moved capital from Thebes to Amarna, |
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Aman IV was ...thesist
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Was monotheist- believed in one supreme god/ could have worshipped minor gods
-henothesist- worships one god in exclusion to others |
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closed...
art changed... |
closed temples, hacked out the name of Aman-Ra, family was the only one in pictures,
-art changed, naturalistic, very distorted, thought the god was female and male, so he painted himself as both a man and woman |
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lost vassals
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-ignored Canaan’s call for help b/c being attacked by Hittites, and were eventually taken over
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Nefertiti's power
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Nefertiti, wife had a lot of power, shown equal to the pharaoh, second name was Neferneferure
Man ruled after Akhemnaton, but was really Nefertiti |
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King Tut
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Tutankhamon ruled after (King Tut)
Two advisors, Ay and Horemhab Married Anksenamon Tut died, she ^ sent for a Hittite prince |
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Tut died then...
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to marry her but they didn’t do that, Horemhab murdered him and Ay married her and ruled
Horemhab ruled later, married Nefertiti’s sister was childless and died |
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how we know about medicine
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Wrote down a lot about medicine
From the bones and saw things done to it |
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different conditions
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Chest pains, and heart conditions different diseases
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types of medicine practors
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Magician= Sa u
Physician= Sunu Priest Physician= Wabu Sunu |
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Physician
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When you were sick, first go to a physician,
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Priest Physician
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when the doctor couldn’t do anything, then go to a priest physician (would comfort and pray for you)
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how a doctor became a doctor
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Goddess w/ head of a lion= brough disease; sekhmet
Real doctors went to the house of life and were first scribes, then shadowed another doctor |
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magicians
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Magicians- last ditch effort, less serious ailments, headaches were caused by stress, told them to relax and would go away
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Shipwrecked Sailor story
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theme nostos (homecoming)
-sailor is shipwrecked, found a magical island, and got stuff |
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Tale of Sinuhe story
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-theme: nostos (homecoming)
-sinhue goes to Canaan, very hospitable, has lots of wealth then goes back to Egypt (important to go back b/c need the proper afterlife) |
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19th Dynasty rulers
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Ramesses I-Seti I-Ramesses II- The Great
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Ram II
had ___ children wat made him the great |
Ramesses II-
Had over 100 children Hacked out names of other pharaohs and wrote his name, |
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importance of Ram II wife
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Nefertari- his wife, very elaborate tomb painting, built a temple for himself, with 50 ft statues
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Capital=
Why? Battle w/ enemies |
Pi Ramesses in the Delta- Hittites were threatening Canaan and moved closer to them
Had a battle w/them, two spies said they were far away, weren’t and had a battle, no one won, Ramesses said he won |
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first non-aggression treaty
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Signed a non-aggression treaty- if a third party attacked, the other one would aid them, took a wife from the Hittites to seal alliance, after Nefertari died
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...very painful
lots of ___ throne for ___ years |
He had a lot of wives from different countries, throne for 67 years, had arthritis in the hips- very painful
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Royal Women
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Royal Women- ruled (ex. Hatshapsut, Nefertiti and Tiye and Nefretari)
Pharoah’s daughter became God’s wife, and was very high |
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Nobel Women
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Nobility- managed husbands estates, played instruments, fashion was important, had more freedom of what to wear,
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Middle Class Women
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Middle Class- serve as judges, entrepenurs, could inherit property
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Lower Class Women
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Lower Class- farmers, helped when there was a harvest, fed family,
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story of ____ was stolen for trial
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Chisel stolen= death b/c she lied on the life of the pharaoh and Amon-Ra
Based on precedent (previous cases) |
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based on ___ codes
____ could ... Witnesses... |
Viszer could only declare death
Based on law codes- eye for an eye Witnesses told the story for the victim No witness-trial by oracle -anthropomorphic statue of the god would be held by four priests, called out names, forward- yes, backward-no, were beaten until confessed |
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Punishments
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Punishments – labor, exile, death, impaled, decapitated, NO prisons
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Pharoah was... in court
who beat people? |
Pharaoh last court of appeal
Retainer of the court- beat people |
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Sea Peoples
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Don’t know who they are,
Destroyed Troy, Hittites, Ugarit in the Bronze Age Traveled through the Mediterranean Sea- had women and men Settled in Canaan, took Egypt’s vassels |
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Ramesses the ____ in the ___ Dynasty
hired... result of economy... |
Ramesses III- 20th Dynasty
Attacked twice- hurt the economy, no more tributes Hired mercenaries- soldiers, that needed a lot of money from Nubia and Libya Tomb workers went on strike- 1st in history |
