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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Review the anatomy of bone paying particular attention to blood flow. (anatomy)
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Describe the filtration and re-absorption of calcium in the kidney and how this is altered by drugs. (pharmacology)
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Compare blood flow in bone to other tissue and describe the mechanisms controlling bone blood flow.
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.2/3 of blood flow is from Intramedullary canal, 1/3 of blood flow is from periosteum
Bone blood flow is fairly low and it is difficult to increase this flow because arterioles open all the time. Vasoconstrictors (epinephrine) will constrict vessels, while vasodilators (histamine) will increase blood flow a little bit. Hard to deliver drugs to bone |
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Describe the distribution of calcium in the body and the mechanisms used to maintain calcium balance.
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.Ca: 1300g, 99% in bone
1% intracellular 0.1% extracellular Bone broken down to maintain plasma Ca levels (most important) |
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Describe the role of BMP’s in fracture healing.
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BMP2 and 7 increase osteoblast differentiation
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Describe the force/deformation (or stress/strain) curves for normal and abnormal bone.
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Force vs Deformation of bone - way less force required in OP
Stress vs Strain curve - foot, elastic, plastic (will not return to original shape), ultimate strength, failure |
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PTH
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inhibit Ca excretion in kidney
increased P excretion in kidney increased Ca resorption from bone increased P resorption from bone |
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Calcitonin
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inhibit Ca excretion in kidney
increased P excretion in kidney increased Ca & P in bone for bone formation |
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Calcitriol (activated Vitamin D)
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inhibit Ca & P excretion in kidney
increased Ca & P resorption in bone increased Ca and P absorption in instestine |
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Phases of Fracture Healing
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Fracture and inflammatory phase
Granulation tissue formation Callus formation Lamellar bone deposition Remodeling |
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Factors Influencing Fracture Healing
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Age, Cormorbidities (diabetes), Medications (NSAIDS, corticosteroids), social (smoking), nutrition, fracture type (less vascularization in open fracture), trauma (multiple), infection
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