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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 Muscarinic receptor agonists:
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-Bethanechol
-Pilocarpine |
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How do Bethanechol and Pilocarpine act?
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As direct parasympathomimetics
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What is the difference between Bethanechol and Pilocarpine?
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Bethanechol = a choline ester
Pilocarpine = an alkaloid (naturally occurring) |
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Which one acts on the CNS?
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Pilocarpine
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What is Bethanechol used to treat?
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GI or urinary bladder atony after surgery only if there is NO OBSTRUCTION
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Why does Bethanechol have a long duration of action?
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It resists AChesterase degradation
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Why is Pilocarpine able to penetrate into the CNS?
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It is lipophilic
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What is Pilocarpine used to treat?
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-Wide angle glaucoma
-Emergency narrow-angle glaucoma -Xerostomia due to radiation |
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How are Bethanechol and Pilocarpine administered?
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NEVER INTRAVENOUSLY -
Bethanechol - only orally or subcutaneously Pilocarpine - topically in eye |
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Why can't Bethanechol and Pilocarpine be given IV?
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They would cause major hypotension by activating muscarinic receptors on the vascular endothelium
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Are cholinergic receptors on the vasculature associated with the nervous system?
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Apparently not
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What 3 conditions are contraindications to giving Bethanechol or Pilocarpine?
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-Asthma
-Coronary insufficiency -Peptic ulcers |
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What blocks toxicity if too much of the muscarinic agonists are given?
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Atropine
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Why is Echothiophate an attractive drug to give for Glaucoma, over Pilocarpine?
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Echothiophate has a longer half life and can be given topically at less frequent intervals because it is irreversible.
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But the danger of long-term use of Echothiophate is?
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Cataracts
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What is Pralidoxime again?
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The reactivator of AChE that has been inhibited by an organophosphate
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What is another name for Pralidoxime?
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2-PAM
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How does 2-PAM reactivate AChEsterase?
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By kicking off the phosphate on serine
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