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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Political Parties |
Organized groups that attempt to influence the government by electing their members to local, state, and national office |
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Internal Mobilization |
Political conflicts prompt officials and competing factions within government to mobilize support (first party formed this way) |
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External Mobilization |
Group of politicians outside of government organizes popular support to win governmental power (Republican Party formed from this) |
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Hard money |
used for campaigning |
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Soft Money |
used party building |
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527s |
Nonprofits that can campaign for, but not coordinate with, the candidates |
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Citizens United |
Allows unlimited, anonymous donations via interest group; significant |
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Democratic Congressional Campaign CommitteeNational Republican Congressional CommitteeDemocratic Senatorial Campaign CommitteeNational Republican Senatorial Committee |
Congressional Committees |
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Realignments |
Occur when issues that currently separate the two parties decline in relevance New issues emerge that parties center aroundDramatic shifts in which party governs Dramatic shifts on positions the parties support |
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Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans |
First System |
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Federalists |
Stronger federal government, assumption of Revolutionary War debt, protective tariffs, commercial ties with Britain |
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Jeffersonians |
Free trade, agriculture, relations with France |
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Democrats and Whigs |
Second Party System |
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Civil War Republicans |
Higher tariffs to protect industry, no slavery in new territories, westward expansion |
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Civil War Democrats |
Lower tariffs to promote agriculture; smaller, local government; proslavery |
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Party Polarization |
Sharp divisions between two parties |
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Legislative Referenda |
All 50 states' legislature refers policy to the public for popular vote |
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Popular referenda and initiative |
24 states, citizens petition to place issues on the ballot for a vote |
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Recall Elections |
18 states, citizens vote to remove elected official from office |
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Plurality Vote |
Voter with greatest number of votes wins |
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Majority vote |
to win, the candidate must receive more than 50 percent of the vote |
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Redistricting |
legislative districts redrawn every 10 years |
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contiguous compact consistent with existing political subdivisions |
Court's fundamental district criteria fro congressional districts |
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electoral votes |
number of U.S. Representatives + Senators |
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Maine and Nebraska |
All states but these allocate all electors to popular vote winner |
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Advisers |
Professional strategic decisions about organization, budgeting, executing the campaign |
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Fund-Raisers |
Identify donors, find allies for indirect spending |
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Polling |
Test ad messages, find out what voters think of them and opponents (strengths and weaknesses), push polls |
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Partisanship Issues and policy concerns candidate characteristics |
Voters decide on three main factors: |
