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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nervous System is organized into two classifications, what are they?
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Structural classification and
Functional classification |
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Structural classification consists of what two systems?
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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CNS - Central Nervous System
is made up of ? |
The brain and spinal cord
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PNS - Peripheral Nervous System is made up of?
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"Everything Else" outside of the CNS, consists mainly of nerve bundles.
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Functional classification consists of what two divisions?
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Sensory (Afferent) Division
and Motor (Efferent) Division |
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Motor (Efferent) Division has two systems, which are?
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Somatic Nervous System
and Autonomic Nervous System |
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Afferent / sensory
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Sensory information to the brain or visceral information
(carrying toward the CNS) |
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Efferent / motor
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From the brain to the nerves; voluntary and involuntary
(carrying away from the CNS) |
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Voluntary
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Skeletal, somatic nervous system.
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Involuntary
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ANS. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
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Sensory Input
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Sensory receptors gathers info
(your driving and you see a red light ahead) |
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Integration
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processes and interprets sensory input and decides what should be done. (Red means Stop)
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Motor Output
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The response.
(Your foot goes for the brake) |
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Nervous System has 3 overlapping functions, what are they?
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Sensory Input, integration, and motor output.
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Levels of organization in the nervous system.(Motor (efferent) division of PNS.
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CNS to PNS to Motor(efferent) division to Somatic nervous system or Autonomic nervous system(ANS). If to ANS its either Sympathetic division or Parasympathetic division.
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The somatic nervous system is often referred to as?
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The voluntary nervous system.
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The autonomic nervous system is often referred to as?
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The involuntary nervous system.
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What is the somatic nervous system composed of?
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Somatic motor nerve fibers (axons) that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles.
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What does the autonomic nervous system consist of?
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Visceral motor nerve fibers that regulate the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands.
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Sympathetic division
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Stress. Flight or Fight.
Mobilizes body systems during emergency situations. |
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Parasympathetic division
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Resting & Digesting.
Conserves energy. Promotes nonemergency functions. |
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Levels of organization in the nervous system.[Sensory (afferent) division of PNS.]
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Sensory (afferent) division to the PNS to the CNS.
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Give examples of what the ANS controls... (3)
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Cardiac muscles.
Smooth muscles. Glands. |
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What two principal types of cells make up Nervous Tissue?
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Supporting cells and neurons.
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Neuroglia / Glial cells
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Nerve glue. Small cells associated with neurons.
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How many types of Neuroglia in the nervous system?
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Six.
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How many types of Neuroglia in the Central nervous system?
Name them... |
Four.
Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. |
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How many types of Neuroglia in the Peripheral nervous system?
Name them... |
Two.
Satalite cells and Schwann cells |
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Astrocytes
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Star cells. most abundant and versatile. Make exchanges between capillaries and neurons.
*they don't like dopamine. |
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Microglia
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Small ovoid cells with relatively long "thorny" processes. Their processes monitor the health of neurons.
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Ependymal cells
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"wrapping garment", range from columnar to squamous and many are ciliated. Keeps spinal fluid flowing.
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Oligodendrocyte
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"Few branches",produce or secrete myelin for insulation.
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What is the insulated coverings in the CNS called?
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Myelin Sheaths.
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Satellite cells
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"moons(satellites) around a planet". Surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia, but their function is still unknown.
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Schwann cells
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AKA: neurolemmocytes. Surround and form myelin sheaths around the larger nerve fibers in the PNS. Similar to the oligodendrocytes in the CNS.**Vital to regeneration of peripheral nerve fibers.
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Sensory receptors
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are specialized to respond to changes in their environment.
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Mechanoreceptors
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Mechanical forces stretching, that alter membrane permeability.
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Thermoreceptors
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Sensitive to temperature. Radiant (heat) energy.
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Photoreceptors
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Respond to light energy. Retina of the eye.
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Chemoreceptors
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Responds to chemicals in a solution (molecules smelled or tasted, or changes in blood chemistry)
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Phonoreceptors
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Responds to sound waves.
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Nociceptors / Noci-receptors
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Respond to damaging stimuli that result in pain. Naked dendrites of skin (epidermis).
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Osmo-receptors
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Monitor the bloods osmotic pressure.
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Exteroceptors
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Are sensitive to stimuli arising outside the body. (touch, pressure, pain, and temperature)
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Interoceptors
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AKA: visceroceptors.
Respond to stimuli within the body. (internal viscera and blood vessels) |
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Proprioceptors
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Like interoceptors, they respond to internal stimuli. However, they occur in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, and ligaments.
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Simple receptors
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Modified dendritic endings of sensory neurons.
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Complex receptors
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Sense organs associated with special senses (vision, hearing, smelling, tasting, and equilibrium).
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Mixed nerves
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Nerves containing the processes of motor and sensory neurons; their impulses travel to and from the central nervous system.
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Sensory nerve cell
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an initiator of nerve impulses following receptor stimulation
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Neuron
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Cell of the nervous system specialized to generate and transmit nerve impulses.
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L-Dopa
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Stimulates dopamine production, used in parkinsons disease patients.
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Manos
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A sugar used to trick astrocytes.
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What do Astrocytes dislike?
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Dopamine
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What is the Synaptic Cleft space equal to?
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10-100 Angstroms
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What are the components of synapse?
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Presynaptic neuron
Synapse / Synaptic Cleft Postsyanptic neuron |
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Neuroglia
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Nonexcitable cells of neural tissue that support, protect, and insulate the neurons.
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What are the two types of synapses?
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Chemical and electrical.
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Microglial cell / phagocyte
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Microglial cell in the CNS and Phagocyte/Macrophage in the PNS.
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Cemented neuron
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Stays in place.
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Plastic neuron
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Move around.
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Factor
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We know it exists but we don't know what it does.
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How often are new Olfactory neurons made?
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Every 60 days.
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