8Th Science Ch. 4 Modern Genetics

Front 1

Many traits are controlled by a ____ gene that has than ___ alleles.

Back 1

single
2

Front 2

Some human traits are controlled by a single gene having ____ than ___ alleles.

Back 2

more
2

Front 3

What is an example of a human trait that is controlled by a single gene having more than 2 alleles?

Back 3

Blood Type

Front 4

When human traits are controlled by many genes how do these genes act?

Back 4

Genes act together as a group to produce a single trait

Front 5

What kind of effect does environment have on genes?

Back 5

The effect of genes can be altered by the environment, such as diet.

Front 6

Which pair of chromosomes do not always match in humans?

Back 6

Sex Chromosomes

Front 7

If you are female which 2 chromosomes do you have?

Back 7

XX

Front 8

If you are male, which 2 chromosomes do you have?

Back 8

XY

Front 9

Genes found on the X & Y chromosome are called what?

Back 9

Sex linked genes

Front 10

Because males have only one X chromosomes what may happen?

Back 10

Males are more likely than females to have a sex-linked trait that is controlled by a recessive allele

Front 11

A Carrier is what?

Back 11

A person with 1 recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele.

Front 12

What is a chart of family tree that tracks traits a family has?

Back 12

PEDIGREES

Front 13

An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes is?

Back 13

Genetic disorder

Front 14

What causes genetic disorders?

Back 14

Caused by mutations or changes in the person's DNA

Front 15

Which genetic disorder is where the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines.

Back 15

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 16

Where is cystic fibrosis carried?

Back 16

RECESSIVE GENE

Front 17

What genetic disorder affects the blood where abnormal hemoglobin does not hold as much oxygen and CAUSES red blood cells to have an unusual shape?

Back 17

SICKLE CELL DISEASE

Front 18

What is a genetic disorder in which a person's blood clots very slowly or not at all?

Back 18

HEMOPHILIA

Front 19

What is sickle cell caused by?

Back 19

The sickle cell allele is codominant with the normal allele

Front 20

What is hemophilia caused by?

Back 20

A Recessive ALLELE ON THE "X" CHROMOSOME

Front 21

Which genetic disorder is fatal causing gradual breakdown of cells in the brain?

Back 21

HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE

Front 22

What is Huntington's disease caused by?

Back 22

A dominant allele

Front 23

What disorder is characterized by a distinct physical appearance with some degree of mental retardation.

Back 23

Down Syndrome

Front 24

What causes Down Syndrome?

Back 24

Too many chromosomes- an extra copy of chromosome 21

Front 25

What two procedures help diagnose genetic disorders?

Back 25

Amninocentesis
Karyotype

Front 26

Which diagnostic procedures is where the doctor uses a needle to remove a small amount of fluid that surrounds a developing baby?

Back 26

Amniocentesis

Front 27

Which diagnostic procedure is where a picture is taken of all the chromosomes in a cell to see if the correct number of chromosomes are present?

Back 27

KAROTYPE

Front 28

When counselors help couples understand their chances of having a child with particular genetic disorder, we call this?

Back 28

GENETIC COUNSELING

Front 29

What are three methods that people use to develop organisms with desirable traits?

Back 29

SELECTIVE BREEDING
CLONING
GENETIC ENGINEERING

Front 30

Describe selective breeding.

Back 30

When you select a few organisms
with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation

Front 31

Part of 'selective breeding' is ___ and ___ ?

Back 31

Inbreeding
Hybridization

Front 32

When you cross 2 individuals that have identical or similar sets of alleles it is called ?

Back 32

INBREEDING

Front 33

When you cross two genetically different individuals you have what?

Back 33

HYBRIDIZATION

Front 34

CLONING IS ______________?

Back 34

CREATING an organism that is GENETICALLY IDENTICAL to the organism from which it was produced

Front 35

What way do you clone a plant?

Back 35

one way is cuttings

Front 36

What way would you clone an animal?

Back 36

replace the NUCLEUS IN AN EGG with the nucleus of another.

Front 37

Transferring genes of one organism into the DNA of another is called what?

Back 37

GENETIC ENGINEERING

Front 38

Genetic Engineering in Bacteria is when__________?

Back 38

A scientist inserts the human gene into the plasmid of a bacterium.

Front 39

What happens when the scientist inserts the human gene into the plasmid of a bacterium?

Back 39

The bacteria produces the protein that human gene codes for.

Front 40

What is gene therapy?

Back 40

The attempt to use genetic engineering to correct some genetic disorders.

Front 41

How does DNA fingerprinting work?

Back 41

Enzymes are used to cut the DNA in the sample found at a crime scene into fragments.
The fragments are separated by size for form pattern of bands.
This pattern can be used to compare DNA of a person WITH DNA AT THE CRIME SCENE

Front 42

What is the goal of the HUMAN GENOME PROJECT?

Back 42

To identify the DNA of every gene in the human genome

Front 43

What is a "genome"?

Back 43

ALL THE DNA IN ONE CELL OF AN ORGANISM

Front 44

BE FAMILIAR WITH THE ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE BOOK FOR THIS CHAPTER.

Back 44

You know he always has illustrations on his tests