8Th Grade Science-Chapter 15

Front 1

Aves

Back 1

Birds

Front 2

Endothermic

Back 2

Warm Blooded-body temperature around 40 degrees.
Need more food to maintain body temp
Active even when it is cold

Front 3

Feathers and Scales

Back 3

Feathers used in flight
Scales for protection around legs

Front 4

Incubate

Back 4

Keep eggs warm for developing embryo

Front 5

Wings

Back 5

Front limbs used for flight-beat wings up and down as well as back and forth for flight.

Front 6

Adaptations for flight

Back 6

Strong light weight skeleton-hollow bones-some bones fused for strength-large sternum for muscle attachment of flight muscles

Front 7

Feathers

Back 7

Modified scales

Front 8

Contour Feathers

Back 8

Large outer feathers-used for flight, protection, and attract mates.

Front 9

Down Feathers

Back 9

Small, fluffy feathers-used for insulation

Front 10

Shaft

Back 10

Large central cylindrical supporting structure

Front 11

Follicle

Back 11

Pit in skin where feather grows

Front 12

Barbs

Back 12

Many branches extending from shaft

Front 13

Barbule

Back 13

Extension of barbs-holds barbs together on the feather.

Front 14

Preening

Back 14

Oiling feathers to make them water repellent

Front 15

Beak

Back 15

used for feeding-no teeth

Front 16

Esophagus

Back 16

Food tube

Front 17

Crop

Back 17

Stores food

Front 18

Gizzard

Back 18

Grinds food-no teeth need rock to grind the food

Front 19

Cloaca

Back 19

Chamber used for several systems
(digestive, excretory, and reproductive)

Front 20

Anus

Back 20

Empties into cloaca (cloaca vent-opening to outside)
Opening that eliminates food.

Front 21

Nostrils

Back 21

Bring air into the body

Front 22

Trachea

Back 22

Wind pipe

Front 23

Vocal cords

Back 23

Used to produce sound-used to find mates and communicate

Front 24

Lung

Back 24

Organs used for gas exchange in air

Front 25

Air sacs

Back 25

Add to gas exchange and make birds light weight

Front 26

Origin of Birds

Back 26

Thought to have originated from reptiles
Archaeopteryx=150 million year old fossil
Feathers and wings like a bird, but solid bones, teeth and tail like a reptile

Front 27

Mammalia-mammals

Back 27

Includes dogs, cows, humans, bats, whales....hair for protection, insulation and finding mates...care for their young-most use sexual reproduction-internal fertilization-fewer offspring so parental care is important

Front 28

Mammary Glands

Back 28

Glands that produce milk for young

Front 29

Skin

Back 29

Covering over the body that protects mammals

Front 30

Oil Glands

Back 30

Produces oil that conditions the skin and hair

Front 31

Sweat Glands

Back 31

Produces sweat used to cool the mammal

Front 32

Scent Gland

Back 32

Produces scents to mark territory, attract mates or defense

Front 33

Teeth

Back 33

Organs specialized for feeding

Front 34

Incisors

Back 34

Biting and cutting

Front 35

Canine

Back 35

Tearing flesh

Front 36

Premolars

Back 36

(bicuspids) tearing flesh and grinding food

Front 37

Molars

Back 37

Grinding food

Front 38

Herbivores

Back 38

Eat plants-incisors and molars
Longer and more specialized digestive tract (cow-4 stomachs)

Front 39

Carnivores

Back 39

Eat animals-incisors, canine and premolars
Short digestive tract, easy to digest food

Front 40

Omnivores

Back 40

Eat plants and animals-incisors, canines, premolars and molars

Front 41

Arteries

Back 41

Transport blood AWAY from heart

Front 42

Veins

Back 42

Transport blood BACK to the heart

Front 43

Capillaries

Back 43

Small vessels where the exchange of materials occurs

Front 44

Brain

Back 44

Large organ used to gather, process and respond to information

Front 45

Spinal Cord

Back 45

Transports information to and from the brain

Front 46

Nerves

Back 46

PIck up and transport information to and from the brain and spinal cord

Front 47

Mouth

Back 47

Opening food enters

Front 48

Oral cavity

Back 48

Cavity containing teeth for physical digestion

Front 49

Pharynx

Back 49

Back of the throat (used by respiratory and digestive system)

Front 50

Stomach

Back 50

Used for chemical digestion and some absorption

Front 51

Small Intestines

Back 51

Chemical digestion and most absorption of food

Front 52

Large Intestines

Back 52

Reabsorb water

Front 53

Gestation

Back 53

Pregnancy period

Front 54

Uterus

Back 54

"womb", muscular organ used for development of embryo

Front 55

Birth

Back 55

Some young well developed, others need lots of care

Front 56

Monotremes

Back 56

Mammals that lay eggs with leathery shells-includes duckbilled platypus and spiny anteater-milk released on hair-no nipples

Front 57

Marsupials

Back 57

Pouched animals-includes kangaroo, possums, koala, wallabies, tasmanian devil-offspring develop in pouch while feeding on milk

Front 58

Placental mammals

Back 58

Embryos develop inside female in uterus-includes mice, humans, dogs

Front 59

Placenta

Back 59

Membrane that supplies nutrients to embryo in the uterus

Front 60

Umbilical cord

Back 60

Attaches embryo to placenta in the uterus-mothers blood and embryo's blood NOT exchanged, only nutrients

Front 61

Chiroptera

Back 61

Bats

Front 62

Insectiovora

Back 62

Moles and shrews

Front 63

Rodentia

Back 63

rats, mice, squirrels, beavers, porcupines

Front 64

Cetacea

Back 64

whales and dolphins

Front 65

Carnivora

Back 65

Cats and dogs

Front 66

Primates

Back 66

Humans and monkeys