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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 possible causes for low hematocrit
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anemia (reduced RBC production) - blood loss - RBC destruction (aplastic anemia)
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what is the tan layer between the plasma & hematocrit
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buffy coat
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what is the buffy coat composed of
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leukocytes - platelets
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3 possible causes for large buffy coat
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infection - invasion (bacterial, viral, or parasitic) - leukemia (abnormal response)
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what test could be performed to determine the causes of a large buffy coat
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differential white blood cell count
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erythrocyte function
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O₂ + CO₂ transport - hemoglobin production
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neutrophil function
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combat bacteria
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eosinophil function
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combat parasites
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basophil function
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allergic reaction
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lymphocyte function
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antibody formation
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monocyte function
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phagocytic - active during chronic infection
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platelet function
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clot formation
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which formed elements will be elevated in mononucleosis
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monocytes
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which formed elements will be elevated in bacterial infection
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neutrophils
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which formed elements will be elevated in allergic reaction
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basophils
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which formed elements will be elevated in parasitic infection
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eosinophils
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an antigen is a ____, found on…
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protein - RBC plasma membrane
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what antigens are present in type O negative blood
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none
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what type of antibodies are expected on type O negative blood
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A - B - Rh antibodies
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why is type O negative blood called universal donors
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lack of A or B antigens will not trigger a rejection response by the recipient
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what is the Rh factor
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an antigen found on the RBCs of some blood types
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what does it mean to be Rh positive
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RBCs carry the Rh antigen
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what is erythroblastosis
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hemolytic disease of newborn babies
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the cause of erythroblastosis results when
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a pregnant Rh⁻ mom carries an Rh⁺ baby
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when a pregnant Rh⁻ mom carries an Rh⁺ baby, the mother forms...
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anti-Rh antibodies
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when a pregnant Rh⁻ mom carries an Rh⁺ baby, her antibodies will ____..., resulting in a serious damage to organs
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destroy the baby's RBC's
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what type of antibodies are found on type AB+ blood
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none
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why aren't any antibodies found on type AB+ blood
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because it possesses A, B, & Rh antigens
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normal hemoglobin reading in females
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12-16 g/100 mL
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normal hemoglobin reading in males
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13-18 g/100 mL
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difference between hemoglobin concentrations between males & females
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higher in males
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what might cause an abnormally low hemoglobin reading (3)
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low iron diet - lack of intrinsic factor - blood loss
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what is considered normal clotting time
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2-6 minutes
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how can clotting time be measured
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capillary tube test
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hemophilia is a ____ ____ ____ most commonly caused by …
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hereditary bleeding disorder - missing clotting factors 8 + 9
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a clotting factor is a ____ essential to the thickening of ____ during the clotting process
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protein - plasma
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where are most of the clotting factors produced
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liver
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where do you find the clotting factors
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plasma
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what cell type is expected to be most numerous in a differential count
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neutrophils
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high neutrophil count indicates …
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bacterial infection
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what cell type is expected to be least numerous in a differential count
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basophils
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a differential can count be useful in elevated ____ count
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leukocyte
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in an elevated leukocyte count, one needs to determine whether it is (4)
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bacterial infection - viral infection - parasitic infection - chronic infection
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what is normal pH
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7.35-7.45
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