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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Personality?
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-consistency (within person)
-distinctiveness (between person) |
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What is type theories of personality
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-hippocrates: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic
-Type A and Type B personality |
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What is Phenomenological Theories and the Q-Sort Technique?
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-subjective experience emphasized
-Q-technique for studying changes in self concept -sort cards into 9 categories based on how well they describe yourself -compare self-sort to norms -compare self-sort to ideal-sort |
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What are the types suggested by Hippocrates?
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-sanguine
-Choleric -Melancholic -Phlegmatic |
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What are the types suggested by Type A personality?
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-insecurity of status
-hyperagressiveness -free-floating hostility -sense of time urgency |
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Behavioral Theories
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-personalit as a pattern of learned behaviors
-radical behaviorism -social learning theory -Rotter: locus of control and internal-external scale -Bandura and self-efficacy |
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What is a trait?
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-any "relatively enduring way in which one individual differs from another"
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Describe Cattell's Factor-Analytic Trait Theories
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-surface traits & source traits
-factor analyzed 171 personality traits -16-20 source traits identified -sixteen personality factor questionnaire |
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Eysenck's Trait-Dimensional Theory
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-Melancholic, Choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine
-extraverted, introverted, emotionally stable, and emotionally unstable |
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Big Five Model of Personality
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-openness to experience
-conscientiousness -extraversion -agreeableness -neuroticism -OCEAN |
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Why Big Five Model of Personality most common today?
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-satisfies "Fundamental Lexical Hypothesis": if these qualities are present, we should name these qualities
-Evolutionary value of each factor |
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What are critiques of traint perspective?
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-traits as causes vs. descriptors of behavior
-"personality coeffients" rarely exceed .3 in predicting behavior |
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What are defense mechanisms and some examples of them?
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-they reduces anxiety; operate unconsciously; distort reality
-Some examples are -denial (psychotic) -projection (immature) -repression (neurotic) -humor (mature) |
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Describe Projective Tests
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-projective hypothesis: people's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli reveal their unconscious needs, motives, and conflicts
-they use unstructured stimuli, such as -association to inkblots (Rorschach) -construction of stories (TAT) -completion of sentences -expression with drawings |
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Describe The Rorschach
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-10 inkblots
-free association phase -inquiry phase -Rorscach died before finishing scoring manual -Exner's "Comprehensive Scoring System" |
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Evolution of the Rorschaach
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-"Comprehensive Scoring System" has bad psychometrics
-some scoring systems are valid -Rorschach Prognostic Rationg Scale -Thought Disorder Index (how coherent your descriptiosn are) -Time-intensitve learn & to administer |
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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-30 pictures that portray a variety themes in black and white
-one card is bland -"make up a dramatic story for each picture" |
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Evaluation of TAT
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-bad psychometrics
-lack of standardization -clinical-quantative analysis pervasive -gloomy nature of the pictures -has been standardized but most people use their own judgement/intuition which can be misleading |
