8 - Orbit

Front 1

Name the 7 bones of the orbit

Back 1

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Sphenoid, Frontal, Ethmoid, Maxilla, Zygomatic, Palatine, Lacrimal

Front 2

Name the 10 fissures occurring in the orbit

Back 2

1) Superior Orbital Fissure, 2) Inferior Orbital Fissure, 3) Optic Canal, 4) Supraorbital foramen, 5) Infraorbital canal, 6) Lacrimal foramen, 7) nasolacrimal canal, 8) Zygomaticofacial foramen, 9) Anterior ethmoidal foramen, 10) Posterior ethmoidal foramen

Front 3

__________ is the fascia that covers the orbit; it is posteriorly continuous with the periosteal layer of dura; it continues over the optic n. to blend with the sclera (arachnoid, arachnoid space, and pia mater terminate at jxn of optic n. and the eyeball)

Back 3

periorbita

Front 4

Fascia __________ (________'s capsule) surrounds the eyeball, except at the cornea, and is loosely attached to the sclera. It sends tubes of fascia to surround the eye mm's

Back 4

bulbi; Tenon's

Front 5

Extensions of fascia bulbi from the lateral and medial to the periosteum act to ______A____ ligaments

Extensions of fascia bulbi around the inferior rectus and inferior obliqu mm's act as ________B______ ligaments

Back 5

A: check (prevent to great a medial/lateral mvmt)

B: suspensory

Front 6

the opening on the lacrimal papilla is the __________

what is its purpose

Back 6

punctum

purpose: drain tears back into nasal cavity

Front 7

Levator Palpebrae Superioris m.

OIAN

Back 7

O: sphenoid superior to optic canal
I: superior eyelid
A: elevate eyelid
N: Oculomotor N. (III) (superior division)

Front 8

what is the innervation of the palpebral m. of Muller

Back 8

sympathetic innervation

Front 9

what is the actions of orbicularis oculi m?

what is it's innervation?

Back 9

to close the eyelids

Facial N (CN VII)

Front 10

what are ciliary glands (of Moll)?

what happens w/ infections?

Back 10

ciliary glands are modified sweat glands in the eyelid

infections = sty

Front 11

what happens when the tarsal glands (Meibomian) are infected?

Back 11

a chalazion

Front 12

describe and name the conjuctiva (incl. fornices)

Back 12

palpebral conjuctiva - lines back of eyelid
bulbar conjuctive - covers anterior eyeball superiorly and inferiorly
superior and inferior fornices where the 2 conjunctiva meet

Front 13

describe the path of tears

from where to where?

Back 13

from lacrimal gland (superior laterally) across eye to the punctum on the lacrimal papilla (medially) to the nasal cavity

Front 14

Rectus mm of the eye

OIAN

Back 14

O: annulus tendineus of Zinn (common tendinous ring that surrounds the optic canal and medial end of the sup. orb. fissure)
I: sclera anterior to the equator of the globe
A/N: medial rectus: in (CN III)
lateral rectus: out (CN VI)
superior rectus: up and in (CN III)
inferior rectus: down and in (CN III)

Front 15

Superior Oblique m. of the eye

OIAN

Back 15

O: sphenoid bone superior to origin of medial rectus m.; **passes through a fibrous pully (trochlea) on the frontal bone
I: into the sclera posterior to the equator of the globe
A: moves eye down and out
N: trochlear n (IV)

Front 16

Inferior Oblique m. of eye

OIAN

Back 16

O: from maxilla near the nasolacrimal canal
I: posterolateral aspect of the globe
A: moves eye up and out
N: Oculomotor n. (III)

Front 17

Which eye mm goes around a pulley?

Back 17

the superior oblique m.

Front 18

what 2 motor eye mm are not innervated by CN III, and what innervates them?

Back 18

Lateral rectus m: CN VI

Superior oblique m: CM IV

Front 19

name the mm that adduct the eye

Back 19

Medial rectus (MR)
Superior rectus (SR)
Inferior rectus (IR)

Front 20

name the mm that abduct the eye

Back 20

Lateral rectus (LM)
Superior Oblique (SO)
Inferior Oblique (IO)

Front 21

name the mm that elevate the eye

Back 21

SR + IO

Front 22

name the mm that depress the eye

Back 22

IR and SO

Front 23

name the mm that medially rotate the eye

Back 23

SR and SO

Front 24

name the mm that laterally rotate the eye

Back 24

IO and IR

Front 25

what is the main arterial supply to the eye, and what is its origin?

Back 25

the ophthalmic a. is main supply, and its origin is the internal carotid a.

Front 26

There are 9 branches coming of of the ophthalmic a to the eye.
A. goes through the optic n, to the retina
B. has long branches to the ciliary body and short branches to the chorioid layer
C. to the middle meningeal a.

Back 26

A: central retinal a.
B: Posterior ciliary aa.
C: Meningeal a.

Front 27

branches of the ophthalmic a. continued:
D: has glandular branches to the lacrimal gland and palpebral branches to the lateral eyelid and anterior eyeball
E: to scalp laterally
F: to scalp medially
G: to ethmoids and frontal sinus

Back 27

D: Lacrimal a.
E: Supraorbital a.
F: Supratrochlear a.
G: Posterior Ethnoidal a.

Front 28

branches of the ophthalmic a. continued:
H: has meningeal branch, nasal branch, and external nasal branch
J: to bridge of nose

Back 28

H: Anterior Ethmoidal a.
J: Dorsal nasal a.

Front 29

Name the 2 veins located in the orbit,
where they drain to,
and why this can be very bad with infection

Back 29

superior and inferior ophthalmic vv
drain to the angular vv, but also communicate with the cavernous sinus, and if infection is allow to flow back through the sinus, it could infect the other sinuses and the brain

Front 30

what does LR6SO4 mean?

Back 30

The lateral rectus' innervation = CN 6
and superior oblique's innervation = CN4

Front 31

what orbital mm are innervated by the superior division of CN III

Back 31

superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris mm.

Front 32

what orbital mm are innervated by the inferior division of CN III

Back 32

medial rectus
inferior rectus
inferior oblique and
the motor root to the ciliary ganglion (pregang para)

Front 33

The Trigeminal n. (Cn V) provides sensory innervation to the orbit via the ophthalmic division (V1); name the 4 branches that come off of V1:
A. to the meninges
B. to the lacrimal gland and superior eyelid

Back 33

A: meningeal n.
B: Lacrimal n.

Front 34

branches of V1 continued:
C. __________ with 2 more divisions:
a. __________- to the eyelid and scalp (more lateral)
b. __________- to the eyelid, scalp, and nose (more medial)

Back 34

C: frontal n.
a. supraorbital n.
b. supratrochlear n

Front 35

branches of V1 continued:
D. ____________ with 5 branches:
a. Sensory root to ciliary ganglion
b. long ciliary
c. posterior ethmoidal
d. infratrochlear (to nose, eyelid, lacrimal sac, and lacrimal caruncle)
e. anterior ethmoidal (to meninges, nasal cavity and external nasal)

Back 35

D. nasociliary

Front 36

trace the path of the parasympathetic autonomic nerve fibers of the iris

Back 36

E-W (edinger-westphal) nucleus --pre--> inf. div. of CN III --pre--> ciliary ganglion --post--> short ciliary fiber --post--> ciliaris m. and sphincter pupillae m.

Front 37

trace the path of the sympathetic autonomic nerve fibers of the iris

Back 37

IMLCC (Intermediolateral Cell Column) --pre--> white rami communicans --pre--> superior cervical ganglion --post--> w/ int. carotid a. and ophthalmic a. in the short ciliary n. --post--> dilator pupillae m.

Front 38

trace the path of the parasympathetic secretomotor fibers of the lacrimal gland

Back 38

superior salivary nucleus --pre--> CN VII (internal acoustic meatus) --pre--> greater petrosal n. & then n. of the pterygoid canal --pre--> pterygopalatine ganglion --post--> pterygopalatine then V2 then zygomatic communicating branch then lacrimal branch of V1 --post--> lacrimal gland

Front 39

trace the path of the sympathetic secretomotor fibers of the lacrimal gland and Muller's muscle

Back 39

IMLCC --pre--> white rami communicans --pre--> superior cervical ganglion --post--> run with carotid a. in deep petrosal n. then n. of the pterygoid canal then V2 then zygomatic n, --post--> lacrimal gland and muller's m (in inf lid)

Front 40

explain accommodation and what happens when the ciliary mm's contract/relax

Back 40

accommodation occurs in in eyes for far/nearsightness

if ciliary mm relaxes, the fibers between the mm and the lens tighten and the lens flattens-- and can see far away

if ciliary mm contract the fibers slacken and the lens balls up; better to see a short distances

Front 41

CC: Presbyopia

Back 41

(old lens) harder, flatter lens with reduced focusing power

Front 42

CC: Cataract

Back 42

loss of transparency of the lens

Front 43

CC: Hyphema

Back 43

hemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye due to blunt trauma of the eyeball

Front 44

CC: Glaucoma

Back 44

blocked drainage of aqueous humor resulting in pressure build up in the chambers of the eye; can cause blindness