8 North Carolina Emt Chapter 8

Front 1

triage

Back 1

the process of establishing treatment and transport priorities

Front 2

cyanosis

Back 2

a blueish grey skin color associated with reduced oxygen levels

Front 3

subcutaneous emphysema

Back 3

air under the skin

Front 4

tachycardia

Back 4

heart rate higher than 100 beats per min.

Front 5

symptom

Back 5

subjective finding that the patient feels

Front 6

accessory muscle

Back 6

secondary muscle of respiration

Front 7

breath sounds

Back 7

indication of air movement in the lungs

Front 8

chief complaint

Back 8

the reason a patient called for help

Front 9

diaphoretic

Back 9

profuse sweating

Front 10

jaundice

Back 10

yellow color due to liver disease or dysfunction

Front 11

orientation

Back 11

the mental status of a patient

Front 12

OPQRST

Back 12

six pain questions

Front 13

palpate

Back 13

examine by touch

Front 14

responsiveness

Back 14

the way in which patient responds to external stimuli

Front 15

retractions

Back 15

movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration

Front 16

sclera

Back 16

whites of the eyes

Front 17

frostbite

Back 17

damage to tissues due to exposure to cold

Front 18

crepitus

Back 18

a crackling sound

Front 19

paradoxial motion

Back 19

motion of a segment of chest wall that is opposite normal movement during breathing

Front 20

conjunctiva

Back 20

lining of the eyelid

Front 21

assessment tool: what does the pain feel like

Back 21

quality

Front 22

assessment tool: how long have you had the pain

Back 22

timing

Front 23

assessment tool: are you taking any medications

Back 23

medications

Front 24

assessment tool: did you eat this morning

Back 24

last oral intake

Front 25

assessment tool: does anything make the pain feel better or worse

Back 25

provication/palliation

Front 26

assessment tool: on a scale of 1 to 10, how do you rate your pain

Back 26

severity

Front 27

assessment tool: what were you doing before this happened

Back 27

events leading up to illness

Front 28

assessment tool: what type of reaction do you have when you take medication

Back 28

allergies

Front 29

assessment tool: does the pain move anywhere

Back 29

region/radiation

Front 30

assessment tool: when did the problem begin

Back 30

onset

Front 31

assessment tool: does your chest hurt

Back 31

signs and symptoms

Front 32

assessment tool: have you been recently ill

Back 32

past medical history

Front 33

what does scene sizeup consist of

Back 33

determine mechanism of injury
request additional assistance
PPE/standard precautions

Front 34

your primary safety concern is for who

Back 34

yourself

Front 35

with _____, the force of the injury occurs over a broad area, and the skin is usually not broken

Back 35

blunt trauma

Front 36

with ________, the force of the injury occurs at a small point of contact between the skin and the object piercing the skin

Back 36

penetrating trauma

Front 37

_____ is the measure of the amount of air that is moved into and out of the lungs in one breath

Back 37

tidal volume

Front 38

the physical examination consists of

Back 38

inspection
palpation
auscultation

Front 39

when determining the initial general impression you should note what

Back 39

patients age, patients sex, level of distress

Front 40

when considering the need for additional resources what questions should you consider

Back 40

how many patients are there
who contacted EMS
is the scene safe

Front 41

the primary assessment includes what

Back 41

mental status
airway
circulation

Front 42

the best indicator of brain function is the patients

Back 42

mental status

Front 43

what does the P stand for is AVPU scale represent

Back 43

response to pain

Front 44

a normal respiratory rate for adults is

Back 44

12-20

Front 45

for children younger than 1 year old you should palpate the _______ pulse

Back 45

brachial

Front 46

the AED should be used on pediatric medical patients who are at least ____ years old and who have been assessed to be unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless

Back 46

1

Front 47

when there are low levels of oxygen in the blood, the lips and mucous membranes appear to be blue or gray. this is called

Back 47

cyanosis

Front 48

your first consideration when assessing a pulse is to determine

Back 48

if one is present

Front 49

to obtain the pulse rate in most patients, you should count the number of pulses felt in ____________seconds and then multiple by two

Back 49

30

Front 50

In deeply pigmented skin, you should look for changes in color in areas of the skin that have less pigment including

Back 50

sclera
the conjuntiva
mucous membranes of the mouth

Front 51

condition that may slow capillary refill

Back 51

local circulatory compromise
hypothermia
age

Front 52

method for controlling external bleeding

Back 52

direct pressure
tourniquet
elevation

Front 53

The ________ is the most serious thing the patient is concerned with; the reason they called 911

Back 53

chief complaint

Front 54

the four items used to assess the orientation of a patients mental status

Back 54

person
place
events

Front 55

an integral part of the rapid scan is evaluation using the mnemonic

Back 55

DCAP-BTLS

Front 56

In the absence of light the pupils will

Back 56

dilate

Front 57

_______ cause the pupils to constrict to pinpoints

Back 57

opiates

Front 58

when assessing breathing, you should obtain all of the following

Back 58

respiratory rate
depth of breathing
quality/character of breathing

Front 59

sounds of breathing

Back 59

rhonchi
strider
wheese

Front 60

the most important thing to consider in patients with multiple injuries in various stages of healing is that

Back 60

the patient may be a victim of abuse

Front 61

what should you consider in a patient who is not answering questions

Back 61

is there a language barrier

Front 62

_________ is an assessment tool used to evaluate the effectiveness of oxygenation

Back 62

pulse oximetry

Front 63

the pressure felt along the wall of the artery when the ventricles of the heart contract is referred to as

Back 63

systolic pressure

Front 64

the blood pressure cuff that is too large for the patient may result in

Back 64

a falsely low reading

Front 65

when examining the abdomen you should palpate for what

Back 65

crepitation, tenderness, rigidity

Front 66

crackling sounds produced by air bubles under the skin is known as

Back 66

subcutaneous emphasema

Front 67

unstable patients should be reassessed every _____ min

Back 67

5

Front 68

in the ___ position, the patietn sits leaning forward on outstretched arms with the head and chin thrust slightly forward

Back 68

tripod

Front 69

in an unresponsive patient, the primary location to assess the pulse is the ________

Back 69

carotid

Front 70

liver disease or dysfunction may cause ________ resulting in the patients skin and sclera turning yellow

Back 70

jaundice

Front 71

when obtaining a blood pressure by palpation in the arm, you should place your fingertips on the ___________ artery

Back 71

radial

Front 72

the first set of vital signs that you obtain are called

Back 72

baseline vitals

Front 73

what are some signs not symptoms

Back 73

wounds, marked deformities, external bleeding

Front 74

when blood pressure drops, the body compensates to maintain profusion to the vital organs by

Back 74

decreasing blood flow to skin and extremities

Front 75

when assessing a patient that is visually impaired you should do what

Back 75

announce yourself before approaching,
put items that were moved back where they were
explain to the patient what is happening

Front 76

how should you handle a patient with a language barrier

Back 76

find an interpreter
use simple short sentences
ensure you are being understood
be aware of language diversity in you area

Front 77

TF responsiveness is evaluated with the mneumonic DCAP-BTLS

Back 77

false

Front 78

TF reassesment is not necessary for stable patients

Back 78

False

Front 79

TF an assessment of the patients musculoskeletal system typically is done because of a chief complaint associated with some type of trauma

Back 79

true

Front 80

TF the apparent absence of a palpable pulse in an unresponsive patient is not a cause of concern

Back 80

false

Front 81

TF a patient with a poor general impression is considered a priority patient

Back 81

true

Front 82

TF when assessing the head, you should assess the patients ears and nose for fluid

Back 82

true

Front 83

TF paradoxial motion of the chest wall is commonly associated with upper respiratory infections

Back 83

false

Front 84

TF the abdomen is broken into 6 areas for assessment

Back 84

false

Front 85

TF in the reassessment process, you should reevaluate everything that has been done to this point in the patient assessment process

Back 85

true

Front 86

TF law enforcement personnel may be needed at scenes to control traffic or intervene in domestic violence situations

Back 86

true

Front 87

TF determining the mental status and the level of consciousness of a patient take a great deal of time on the scene

Back 87

false

Front 88

TF depressed brain function can result from trauma and stroke

Back 88

true

Front 89

TF PEARRL is used to describe skin color

Back 89

false

Front 90

TF you should consider providing positive pressure ventilation in a conscious patient who has a respiratory rate of 14 breaths per minute

Back 90

false

Front 91

TF when documenting vital signs, you should note whether the patients respirations are regular or irregular

Back 91

true

Front 92

patients with difficulty breathing, severe chest pain, and signs of poor profusion should be transported immediately

Back 92

true

Front 93

TF you should aim to assess, stabilize, and begin transport of patients within 20 mins

Back 93

false

Front 94

TF correct identification of high-priority patients is an essential aspect of the primary assessment and helps improve patient outcome

Back 94

true

Front 95

you should not interrupt patients when speaking, and you should be empathetic to their situation

Back 95

true

Front 96

being openly judgemental of patients who may have a chemical dependency is acceptable as long as you remain professional

Back 96

false

Front 97

scenes involving domestic violence can be extremely dangerous for EMS personnel

Back 97

True

Front 98

TF you should consider all females of childbearing age who are reporting lower abdominal pain to be pregnant unless ruled out by history or other information

Back 98

true

Front 99

TF once you have allowed a talkative patient a chance to express himself, you should allow the patient to continue talking about whatever he wants

Back 99

false

Front 100

TF EMTs can expect anxious patients to exhibit signs of psychological shock

Back 100

true

Front 101

TF it is rather unusual for a patient family member or friend to vent hostility toward EMS

Back 101

false

Front 102

TF information gathered from an intoxicated patient may be unreliable

Back 102

true

Front 103

TF your presence may make a crying patient feel more secure

Back 103

true

Front 104

TF depression is not a common reason for patients to call for EMS

Back 104

false

Front 105

TF when assessing a patient you should inspect the pelvis for symetry and any obvious signs of injury, bleeding and deformity

Back 105

true

Front 106

TF pulse and motor and sensory functions are typically assessed with examining a patients extremities

Back 106

true

Front 107

a ____ is an objective condition that you can observe about a patient

Back 107

sign

Front 108

_____ _______ are protective measures for dealing with blood and bodily fluids

Back 108

standard precautions

Front 109

when there are multiple patients you should use the ___ ____ ____ to help organize the triage, logistics and treatment of patients

Back 109

incident command system

Front 110

_____ _____ _____ should be requested for patients with severe injuries or complex medical problems

Back 110

ALS

Front 111

identifying and initiating treatment of immediate life-threatening conditions is the goal of ____ ____

Back 111

primary assessment

Front 112

you should think of the ___ ____ as a visual assesement, gathering information as you approach the patient

Back 112

general impression

Front 113

_____ is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue

Back 113

perfusion

Front 114

_____ test the mental status of the patient by checking memory and thinking ability

Back 114

orientation

Front 115

when you shine a light into the eyes the pupils should ____

Back 115

contract

Front 116

a brassy, crowing sound that is prominent on inspiration, suggesting a mildly occluded airway, is referred to as________

Back 116

stridor

Front 117

if there is a potential for trauma use the modified _______ to open the airway

Back 117

jaw thrust

Front 118

during_______ the chest muscles relax and air is released out of the lungs

Back 118

exhalation

Front 119

if a patient seems to develop difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately reevaluate the ___________

Back 119

airway

Front 120

if you hear fluid in the airway during your assessment, you should immediately _________ the airway to prevent aspiration

Back 120

suction

Front 121

a patient who coughs up think, yellowish or greenish sputum most likely has a

Back 121

respiratory infection

Front 122

___ _____ and see saw breathing ina pediatric patient indicate inadequate breathing

Back 122

nasal flaring

Front 123

if you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should begin ______

Back 123

CPR

Front 124

______ is a heart rate greater than 100 beats/min

Back 124

tachycardia

Front 125

the ___ is a delicate membrane lining the eyelids and it covers the exposed surface of the eye

Back 125

conjuntiva

Front 126

skin that is a cool, clammy, and pale in your primary assessment typically indicates

Back 126

hypofusion

Front 127

when the skin is bathed in sweat it is called

Back 127

diaphoretic

Front 128

capillary refill should be less than __ sec

Back 128

two

Front 129

_______ patency is always your number one priority

Back 129

airway

Front 130

a rapid scan to identify immediate threats should take _____ to ________ sec

Back 130

60, 90

Front 131

the _ _ provides details about the patients chief complaint and an account of the patients signs and symptoms

Back 131

history taking

Front 132

the __ ___ refers to the time from injury to definitive care

Back 132

golden period

Front 133

the goal of the primary assessment is to identify and treat ____ _____

Back 133

life-threatening injuries

Front 134

you should use _____ questions when taking a history of the patient

Back 134

open ended

Front 135

_____ is a mneumonic used to gather past medical or trauma history

Back 135

SAMPLE

Front 136

________ are negative findings that warrant no care or interventions

Back 136

pertinent negatives

Front 137

one of the most common causes of patient confusion is ______

Back 137

hypoxia

Front 138

________ describes the process of touching or feeling the patient for abnormalities

Back 138

palpating

Front 139

________ is a noninvasive method that can quickly and efficiently provide information on a patients ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism

Back 139

capnography

Front 140

______ ________ is the residual pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxation phase of the heart

Back 140

diostolic

Front 141

a ____________ assessment should be performed any time you are confronted with a patient who has a change in mental status, a possible head injur or syncope

Back 141

neurologic

Front 142

define DCAP-BTLS elements

Back 142

deformities
contusions
abrasions
punctures
burns
tenderness
lacerations
swelling

Front 143

Define PEARRL

Back 143

pupils equal and round, regular in size, react to light

Front 144

6 questions to assess breathing

Back 144

appear to be choking
rate too fast or too slow
shallow or deep
is patient cyanotic
abnormal sounds
air moving in and out on both sides

Front 145

D in DCAP-BTLS

Back 145

Deformities

Front 146

C in DCAP-BTLS

Back 146

Contusions

Front 147

A in DCAP-BTLS

Back 147

Abrasions

Front 148

P in DCAP-BTLS

Back 148

Punctures

Front 149

B in DCAP-BTLS

Back 149

Burns

Front 150

T in DCAP-BTLS

Back 150

Tenderness

Front 151

L in DCAP-BTLS

Back 151

Lacerations

Front 152

S in DCAP-BTLS

Back 152

Swelling

Front 153

A in AVPU

Back 153

awake and alert

Front 154

V in AVPU

Back 154

responsive to verbal stimuli

Front 155

P in AVPU

Back 155

responsive to pain

Front 156

U in AVPU

Back 156

unresponsive

Front 157

S in SAMPLE

Back 157

signs and symptoms

Front 158

A in SAMPLE

Back 158

allergies

Front 159

M In SAMPLE

Back 159

medications

Front 160

P in SAMPLE

Back 160

pertinent past medical history

Front 161

L in SAMPLE

Back 161

last oral intake

Front 162

E in SAMPLE

Back 162

events leading up to injury or illness

Front 163

O in OPQRST

Back 163

onset

Front 164

P in OPQRST

Back 164

provocation

Front 165

Q in OPQRST

Back 165

quality

Front 166

R in OPQRST

Back 166

radiation

Front 167

S in OPQRST

Back 167

severity

Front 168

T in OPQRST

Back 168

timing