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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Site of hematopoiesis in the early embryo:
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Blood islands in the yolk sac
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When does bone marrow hematopoiesis start?
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5 months prenatal
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What happens to the red marrow of long bones by age 20?
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Becomes yellow fatty marrow
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Where does blood production occur after age 20?
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Only in flat bones
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What is the daily BM demand for:
-RBCs -WBCs -Platelets |
RBCs - 10^11 new ones
WBCs - 10^10 Plts - 4 x 10^11 |
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What percent of the total body mass is the marrow?
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5%
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What gives rise to Hematopoietic stem cells, Endothelial progenitor cells, and Mesenchymal stem cells?
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1 single multipotent stem cell resting in Go in the bone marrow!
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What does that first early multipotent stem cell differentiate into?
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1. Mesenchymal stem cells
2. Hemangioblasts |
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Hemangioblasts express ____ and have the capacity to become:
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Express CD45
Can become either: -HSCs (hematopoietic stem cells) -or Endothelial progenitors. |
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What do HSCs express that Endothelial progenitors don't?
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c-Kit
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What do HSCs differentiate into?
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-Myeloid precursors
-Lymphoid precursors |
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What arises from the myeloid precursor?
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-Erythroids
-Granulocytes -Megakaryocytes |
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What does a Myeloid leukemia refer to?
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Only those involving granulocytes
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What are CFUs?
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Colony forming units - the cells that differentiate from myeloid or lymphoid progenitors and form clones of a given cell type.
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What determines which colony will develop?
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CSFs - colony stimulating factors.
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What is the major multipotent CSF? What does it bind?
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SCF - Stem cell factor - binds c-Kit (all myeloids)
(also Interleukins) |
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What does Stem cell factor do?
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Interacts with c-kit on ALL hematopoietic progenitor cells
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How is the site of expression of SCF related to the site of hematopoeisis?
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It is only expressed in bone marrow, so that's why it occurs there.
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What interleukins are stimulants of multipotent precursor cells?
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IL 1, 3, 6
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What is EPO?
Where is it made? |
Erythropoeitin - A UNIPOTENT CSF - made in kidney and liver cells.
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What cell does Epo induce to form?
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CFU - E -> colony forming unit for erythrocytes.
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What is Tpo? What does it induce to form?
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Thrombopoietin - a UNIPOTENT CSF - induces formation of CFU-meg
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What is G-CSF and what does it promote to form?
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Granulocyte colony stim factor - induces granulocytes of the neutrophil lineage to form.
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What is M-CSF?
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Monocyte colony stimulating factor.
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How many monocytes are stimulated to form daily?
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10^10
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What else does M-CSF stimulate?
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Macrophage differentiation into OSTEOCLASTS.
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3 purposes of BMT:
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1. Gene transfer therapy
2. Replace BM destroyed by chemo or radiation 3. Replace genetically deficient or malignant bone marrow |
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3 types of BMT:
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1. Allogeneic
2. Syngeneic 3. Autologous |
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Allogeneic:
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transplant between a donor and recepient who are genetically different.
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Syngeneic:
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transplant between twins
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Autologous
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Transplant of one's own marrow
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Major complication of allogenic transplants:
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Graft versus host disease
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What must be done prior to an autologous transplant?
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Injection of SCF and G-CSF into the patient - to enrich their hematopoeitic precursor cells.
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What is a way to enrich the harvest of hematopoietic precursor cells?
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By using Anti-CD34 to segregate and isolate them.
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What is a major disadvantage of autologous transplants in cancer patients?
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Transplant of occult tumor cells along with the good ones.
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How can malignant cells be removed?
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Also by monoclonal antibodies
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What must be done to cure illnesses like SC anemia?
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Insertion of a transgene into the CFU-E before transplant.
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What are the stages in the RBC maturation series?
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PBPORE
Proerythroblast Basophilic erythroblast Polychromatophilic erythroblast orthochromatophilic erythroblast Reticulocyte Erythrocyte |
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What are the stages in the myeloid neutrophilic maturation series?
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-Myeloblast
-Promyeloblast -Myelocyte (neutrophilic) -Metamyelocyte -Band -Neutrophil |
