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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Constitutional Convention
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gathering of state representatives on May 25, 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation
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James Madison
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"Father of the Constitution"
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Virginia Plan
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favored larger states that called for a strong national ogv't with 3 branches and 2-chamber legislature
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New Jersey Plan
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favored smaller states, that called for 3 branches of gov't with a single-chamber legislature
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Roger Sherman
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worked out the plan for the "Great Compromise"
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Great Compromise
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plan at the Constitutional Convention that settled the differences between large and small states - 2 house legislature - Senate and House of Rep
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Three-Fifths Compromise
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agreement at the Constitutional Convention that 3/5 of the slaves in any state be counted in its population
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legislative branch
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branch of government that passes laws
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executive branch
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branch of government that carries out laws
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judicial branch
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branch of government that decides if laws are carried out fairly
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compromise
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settlement in whcih each side gives up some of its demands in order to reach an agreement
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Articles of Confederation
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first American constitution, passed in 1777, which created a loose alliance of 13 independent states
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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law setting up a system for settling the Northwest Territory
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Northwest ordinance
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a 1787 article that set up a government for the Northwest Territory, guaranteed basic rights to stttlers and outlawed slavery there
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Shays' Rebellion
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a 1786 revolt in Massachusetts led by farmers in reaction to high taxes
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constitution
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document that sets out laws, principles, organization and processes of a government
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bill of rights
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list of freedoms that the government promises to protect
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execute
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create or carry out something like a law
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cede
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to give up
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currency
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money
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depression
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period when business activity slows, prices and wages fall, and unemployment rises
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republic
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system of government in whcih citizens choose representatives to govern them
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dictatorship
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gov't in which one person or a small group holds complete authority
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habeas corpus
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the right that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
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separation of powers
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principle by which the powers of government are divided among separate branches
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Founding Fathers
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James Madison, Thomas Jefferson and other leaders who laid the groundwork for the US
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Magna Carta
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British document that contains 2 basic ideas: Monarchs have to obey the laws and citizens have basic rights
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Bill of Rights
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first 10 amendments to the US Constitution
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John Locke
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English writer who published "Two Treatises of Govenment" about natural rights
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Baron de Montesquieu
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French thinker who wrote "The Spirit of the Laws" - suggested 3 branches of gov't
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Federalists
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supporters of the Constitution
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Antifederalists
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people who opposed the Constitution
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The Federalist Papers
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series of essays to explain and defend the Constitution
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George Mason
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strong supporter of Bill of Rights; joined the antifederalists
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Bill of Rights
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first 10 amendments of the Constitution
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amend
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change
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