7Th Grade Vocabulary

Front 1

induss river

Back 1

river that empties into the arabian sea

Front 2

ganges river

Back 2

river in northern india that runs south of the himalayas and into the indain ocean

Front 3

monsoons

Back 3

strong wind that blows one direction in winter and the opposite dorection in the summer

Front 4

subcontinent

Back 4

large landmass that is part of a continent but distinct from it

Front 5

himalayas

Back 5

hightest mountain in the world, in southern asia

Front 6

hindusism

Back 6

religion of india that stresses that one main force connects all of life

Front 7

caste- system

Back 7

social system in which a person's place js determined by the rank of the family into wich he is born

Front 8

reincarnation

Back 8

belief that people move in constant cycle of like,death,and rebirth

Front 9

dharma

Back 9

laws and duties that guide the behavoir of each caste member

Front 10

buddhism

Back 10

religion founded by siddhartths gautana which teachers that the msot impotant thing in life is to reach peace by ending suffering

Front 11

monk

Back 11

man who devotes his life to a religious group

Front 12

karma

Back 12

end result of a person's good and bad acts, which determines his/her rebirth

Front 13

four noble truths

Back 13

principles that rile like and promise an end of suffering

Front 14

eightfold path

Back 14

basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering

Front 15

middle way

Back 15

way of life, neither too strict nor too easy

Front 16

siddhartha gautama

Back 16

know as the buddha(enlightened one), started buddhism

Front 17

sanskrit

Back 17

written language developed by the aryans

Front 18

guru

Back 18

religious teacherand spiritual guide in hinduism

Front 19

nirvana

Back 19

state of wisdom and freedom from the cycle of rebirth

Front 20

theocracy

Back 20

government ruled by religious leaders

Front 21

dynasty

Back 21

long line of rulers from the same family

Front 22

stupas

Back 22

buddhist shrine shaped like a mound or dome

Front 23

pigrim

Back 23

persone who travles for religious reasons

Front 24

aryans

Back 24

people from central/south asia who conquered harappans and developed the caste system and sanskrit

Front 25

brahman

Back 25

in hinduism,universal spirit from which all gods/goddesses are different parts

Front 26

peninsula

Back 26

body of land with water on 3 sides (michigan)

Front 27

colonies

Back 27

settement ina new territory that keeps close ties with its homeland

Front 28

polis

Back 28

early greek city-state,made up a city and the surrounding country side and run like and inderpendent country

Front 29

acropolis

Back 29

large hill where people sought shelter and safety om times of wat and met to discuss community issues

Front 30

agora

Back 30

open area that served as a marketplace and meeting palce

Front 31

jury

Back 31

group of citizens chosen to hear evidence and make a decision in a court of law

Front 32

citizen

Back 32

person with rights and reponsibilities in his/her community or country- in ancient greece, only males could be citzens

Front 33

assembly

Back 33

lawmaking body of goverment made up of a groupof citzens

Front 34

tyrant

Back 34

pesone who takes power by force and rules with absolute power and authority (form of government is called a tytanny)

Front 35

oligarchy

Back 35

government in which a few, elite ( wealthy and powerful) people rule; olig means few ; archy means rulership

Front 36

democracy

Back 36

government in which all citizens share in the running of the government ;1st democracy started in athens, greece; demo means people; cracy means power

Front 37

monarchy

Back 37

government ruled by kind or queen; mono means 1; archy mean rulership

Front 38

city-state

Back 38

inderpendent state made up a city and the surrounding land and villages

Front 39

sparta

Back 39

largest of the ancient greece city-states

Front 40

athens

Back 40

city-state in ancient greece which developed into a democracy; most powerful of the city-state,1st olympics

Front 41

helots

Back 41

person who was conquered and enslaved by the spartans

Front 42

persia

Back 42

area which is now southwestern iran

Front 43

satrapies

Back 43

20 states into which darius divided the persian empire

Front 44

satrap

Back 44

official who ruled a state in the persain empire under darius

Front 45

zoroastrianism

Back 45

persian religion; taught theat humans had the freedom to choose between right andwrong and that goodness would win in the end monotheistic

Front 46

direcnt democracy

Back 46

system of government in which all people gather and make decistion (vote) on governmental matters

Front 47

representative democracy

Back 47

system of government in which peopel elect others to speak for them on governmental matters

Front 48

pericles

Back 48

great athenian general and statesman; expanded democracy by allowing lower class citizens to run for political office

Front 49

myths

Back 49

traditonal story describing gods or heroes or explaining natural events

Front 50

mount olmpus

Back 50

highest mountain in greece; in greek myths,believed to be home to 12 most important gods/goddesses

Front 51

oracle

Back 51

sacred shrine where a priest(ess) spoke for a god (dess)

Front 52

delphi

Back 52

ancient greek city and site of the oracle at the temple or apollo

Front 53

epice

Back 53

long poem that tell about legendaryor heroic deeds

Front 54

homer

Back 54

greek poet and author of the epics the iliad and the odyssey

Front 55

aesop

Back 55

greek slave known for his fables

Front 56

fable

Back 56

short tale that teaches a lesson

Front 57

drama

Back 57

story told by s actors who pretend to be characters in teh story

Front 58

tragedy

Back 58

form of drama in which a person struggles to overcome difficulties but meets an unhappy end

Front 59

comedy

Back 59

form of drama in which the story has a happy ending

Front 60

sophocles

Back 60

greek general and writer of tragedies

Front 61

Euripides

Back 61

Greek playwright known for his tragedies that questioned traditional thinking

Front 62

philosophy

Back 62

study of the nature and meaning of life

Front 63

philosophers

Back 63

thinker who seeks wisdom and ponders questions about life

Front 64

Macedonia

Back 64

powerful kingdom north of Greece and ruled by Philip II

Front 65

Philip II

Back 65

king of Macedonia; conquered Greek city-states and controlled Greece in 338 B.C.; wanted to expand his empire but was murdered

Front 66

Alexander the great

Back 66

general and son of Philip II; continued his father's plan and expanded Greek/Macedonian rule across 3 continents

Front 67

legacy

Back 67

what a person leaves behind when (s)he dies

Front 68

Hellenistic Era

Back 68

period of time when Greek ideas and language spread to non Greek peoples of southwest Asia

Front 69

Epicureanism

Back 69

philosophy that taught that happens through the pursuit of pleasure was the goal of life

Front 70

stoicism

Back 70

philosophy that taught that happiness cam not from following emotions but from following reason and doing one's duty

Front 71

Romulus and Remus

Back 71

twin brothers who founded Rome; babies were rescued from the river by a wolf and raised by a shepherd; Romulus killed Remus and became the 1st king of Rome

Front 72

Etruscans

Back 72

people from north of Rome who ruled Rome for 100 years; during this time, Rome became more powerful and changed from a village with huts to a city with huts to a city with houses