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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA
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The chemical that contains an organism's information code and is found in the cell nucleus; is made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
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diploid |
Cells that have pairs of chromosomes. |
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haploid
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Cells that do not have pairs of chromosomes.
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23
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The haploid number of chromosomes for humans.
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chromosome
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Structures in the cell nucleus that contain hereditary material.
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sperm
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A sex cell produced in the reproductive organs of a male and that has only half the number of chromosomes of a body cell; has a whiplike tail that provides motion and a head that contains genetic information.
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mitosis
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A series of continuous steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) in which the cell nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei.
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RNA
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The nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes (ribonucleic acid).
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egg
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A sex cell that is formed in the reproductive organs of a female and has only half the number of chromosomes of a body cell.
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Telophase
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The fourth stage of mitosis. The spindle fibers start to disappear. The chromosomes uncoil and are harder to see. A nuclear membrane forms around each mass of chromosomes, and a new nucleolus forms in each new nucleus.
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MetaPhase |
Second stage of mitosis. The duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each centromere becomes attached to two spindle fibers. |
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meiosis |
The process by which sex cells are created in the reproductive organs, producing four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell. |
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Anaphase |
Third stage of mitosis. Each centromere divides. The identical chromosomes separate and begin to move toward opposite ends of the cell. |
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sexual reproduction |
A process by which a new, unique organism is created when two sex cells, an egg and a sperm, come together. |
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mutation |
Any permament change in a gene or chromosome of a cell. |
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zygote |
The new diploid cell that is formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg. |
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asexual reproduction |
A process by which a new organism is produced that has DNA identical to the DNA of the parent organism. |
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gene |
The section of DNA on a chromosome that directs the making of a specific protein. |
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haploid |
Cells that do not have pairs of chromosomes. |
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46 |
The diploid number of chromosomes for humans. |
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Prophase |
The first stage of mitosis. Duplicated chromosomes become fully visible. The nucleolus and the nuclear membrane disintegrate. Two small structures called centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. Between the centrioles, threadlike spindle fibers begin to stretch across the cell. |
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meiosis |
The process by which sex cells are created in the reproductive organs, producing four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell. |
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fertilization |
A joining of an egg and a sperm, generally from two different organisms. |
