7Th Grade History Final

Front 1

The belief that the U.S. was meant to spread across North America

Back 1

Manifest Destiny

Front 2

First governor of the state of Texas

Back 2

James Pinckney Henderson

Front 3

U.S. president who asked Congress in 1845 for a joint resolution in favor of annexing Texas

Back 3

John Tyler

Front 4

True or False:

Both annexation manifest destiny were major issues in the U.S. election of 1844.

Back 4

True

Front 5

True or False:

The Convention of 1845 quickly approved annexation.

Back 5

True

Front 6

True or False:

Texas gave up claims to millions of acres of land in what are now five other states in exchange for money to reduce its debts.

Back 6

True

Front 7

True or False:

Texans approved the new constitution in a close vote in October 1845.

Back 7

False

Front 8

A difficult political issue for the U.S. in the annexation of Texas was what?

Back 8

Slavery

Front 9

The most popular political party in Texas in the 1840s and 1850s was which party?

Back 9

The Democratic Party

Front 10

Agreement that ended the Mexican War

Back 10

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Front 11

U.S. general who captured Mexico City

Back 11

Winfield Scott

Front 12

Territory in northern Mexico that was ceded to the U.S.

Back 12

Mexican Cession

Front 13

Agreement under which Texas gave up land claims in New Mexico

Back 13

Compromise of 1850

Front 14

The first action in the war took place when Mexican forces crossed the what and attacked U.S. troops in Texas?

Back 14

Rio Grande

Front 15

The new what gave Texas Rangers a powerful advantage in battle against the Comanche and the Kiowa?

Back 15

Colt 6 Shooter (technology)

Front 16

Indians often didn't like what, or land set aside for them?

Back 16

Reservations

Front 17

Most soldiers lost in the Mexican War died from what?

Back 17

Disease

Front 18

How did the Mexican War begin?

Back 18

It started when Mexico crossed the Nuesces River and attacked the U.S. Texas army.

Front 19

Large-scale farmers who held at least 20 slaves

Back 19

Planters

Front 20

The ending of slavery

Back 20

Abolition

Front 21

Advancements in a state's transportation network

Back 21

Internal Improvements

Front 22

True or False:

In the 1850s planters dominated the Texas legislature.

Back 22

True

Front 23

True or False:

Cattle ranching grew by more than 400 percent from 1850 to 1860.

Back 23

True

Front 24

True or False:

There was very little demand for manufactured products in Texas in the 1850s.

Back 24

True

Front 25

Railroads were slow in coming to Texas because of difficulty in raising what to build them?

Back 25

Money

Front 26

White Texans sometimes were fearful of nearby slave who might what?

Back 26

Rise Up & Attack Them

Front 27

There were 21,878 slaveholders in Texas in 1860. Approximately what percentage of them could be considered planters, or holders of 20 or more slaves?

Back 27

9%

Front 28

Approximately what percent of total white male adults owned no slaves at all?

Back 28

79%

Front 29

Kind of rule sometimes established in parts of Texas that were Unionist

Back 29

Martial Law

Front 30

The belief that state power is greater than federal power

Back 30

States' Rights

Front 31

Commander of the Confederate artillery at the Battle of Sabine Pass

Back 31

Richard Dowling

Front 32

True or False:

Both social and economic differences began to divide the North from the South.

Back 32

True

Front 33

True or False:

Sam Houston's opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act cost him friends in Texas.

Back 33

True

Front 34

True or False:

Much of the fighting in Texas was control of Austin and San Antonio.

Back 34

False

Front 35

Sam Houston warned Texans that the ________ was determined to keep the Union together.

Back 35

North

Front 36

What was the South's greatest resource for trade with the world?

Back 36

Cotton

Front 37

At the end of the war, Texas was in a state of _____ & _______ collapse.

Back 37

Political & Economic

Front 38

Group that pushed the Civil Right Act of 1866 through Congress

Back 38

Radical Republicans

Front 39

Democrat whose election as governor marked the end of Reconstruction in Texas

Back 39

Richard Coke

Front 40

Term used for Texans who supported the Republicans

Back 40

Scalawags

Front 41

Laws passed after Reconstruction to deny African Americans' civil rights

Back 41

Black Codes

Front 42

True or False:

Former Confederates often used violence against freedpeople.

Back 42

True

Front 43

True or False:

African Americans could not vote for delegates to the constitutional convention of 1866.

Back 43

True

Front 44

True or False:

The Republican-led legislature refused to raise taxes to pay for schools and roads.

Back 44

False

Front 45

True or False:

By 1880, around 40% of Texas farmers were sharecroppers.

Back 45

True

Front 46

Congressional Reconstruction meant that the terms for rejoining the Union where made more what?

Back 46

Difficult

Front 47

Kiowa and Comanche attack on a wagon train that caused a shift in military policy toward Indians

Back 47

Salt Creek Raid

Front 48

Where 700 Indians attacked a trading post and were defeated by 30 whites with buffalo guns

Back 48

Battle of Adobe Walls

Front 49

True or False:

The U.S. army killed horses and buffalo in order to force Indians to move.

Back 49

True

Front 50

True or False:

Henry O. Flipper was an agent who tried to make sure supplies reached the reservations.

Back 50

False

Front 51

True or False:

The buffalo gun allowed hunters to kill from a long distance away.

Back 51

True

Front 52

Colonel Mackenzie's campaign in Texas was meant to force all Indians where?

Back 52

Onto Reservations

Front 53

What caused the buffalo to nearly disappear?

Back 53

The Buffalo Slaughter; this was a time when whites killed over 4.3 million buffalo.

Front 54

Very important South Texas ranch

Back 54

King Ranch

Front 55

Panhandle ranch bought for the cost of a new state capitol building in Austin

Back 55

XIT Ranch

Front 56

Herding groups of cattle to market

Back 56

Cattle Drives

Front 57

The number of cattle in Texas grew substantially during during the Civil War because although the demand for ____ increased, Union blockades made it difficult to move cattle to markets outside the state.

Back 57

Beef

Front 58

Large scale growing for crops to sale for a profit.

Back 58

Commercial farming

Front 59

Economic principle that explains why prices rise and fall.

Back 59

Supply and demand

Front 60

Refusal by workers to do their jobs until a company meets their demands.

Back 60

Strike

Front 61

True or False: Shipping goods by railroad could reduce freight cost by more than 50%.

Back 61

True.

Front 62

True or False: The state of Texas raised taxes to pay for railroads.

Back 62

False.

Front 63

True or False: More than 3 million acres of public lands were given to railroads to encourage them to lay track across Texas.

Back 63

True.

Front 64

True or False: Railroad companies actively prompted farming in West Texas.

Back 64

True.

Front 65

True or False: Texas farmers were often not willing to use new technologies such as steam-powered tractors.

Back 65

False.

Front 66

True or False: The farming of cotton boomed in both East and West Texas in the late 1800's.

Back 66

True.

Front 67

True or False: Rising land costs and falling crop prices began to hit farmers hard between 1880-1900.

Back 67

True.

Front 68

True or False: By 1900, the number of tenant farmers or sharecroppers had risen sharply.

Back 68

True.

Front 69

The most important industries in Texas were those that helped turn farm goods into _______________.

Back 69

products.

Front 70

Farming followed the railroads to the frontier because railroad companies heavily prompted ___________________ there.

Back 70

Opportunities

Front 71

Describe the major industries of the 1800's.

Back 71

Meat packing

Cottonseed oil

Commercial farming

All of these led to railroads

Front 72

What problems developed in commercial agriculture toward the end of the century?

Back 72

Made distributes in markets

Pesticides, fertilizers, and manure can end up in bodies of water from farms

Front 73

Person who first drilled for oil at Spindletop.

Back 73

Patillo Higgins

Front 74

Oil well that struck oil in 1923 and helped establish the permanent university fund.

Back 74

Santa Rita No. 1

Front 75

Explorers who worked on their own when searching for new oil fields.

Back 75

Wild catters

Front 76

True or False: Spindletop was not the first successful oil field in Texas.

Back 76

True.

Front 77

True or False: Men who did the difficult work in oil fields were called roughriders.

Back 77

True.

Front 78

The technological development that most assured the success of the oil industry was the _______________.

Back 78

automobile with its internal combustion engine

Front 79

Education in Texas has benefited from the oil industry because of __________________________.

Back 79

taxes from oil and related business

permanent university fund which receives oil royalties

philanthropy by Texans who have grown wealthy from oil

Front 80

Statement of political goals of a political party.

Back 80

platform

Front 81

Sole control of field of business.

Back 81

Monopoly

Front 82

Reformers in the late 1800's and early 1900's who worked to improve society.

Back 82

Progressives.

Front 83

After the election of 1890, the new governor pushed for laws which came to be called ______________________ to regulate business in Texas.

Back 83

Hogg Laws

Front 84

The manufacture and sell of alcohol was made illegal in the U.S. following the ratification of _________________________.

Back 84

18th Amendment

Front 85

The _________________ begun in 1902, making it difficult for many poor Texans to vote.

Back 85

poll tax

Front 86

An increase of people working or living in cities.

Back 86

Urbanization

Front 87

Central banking system that distributes money to other banks and helps regulate them.

Back 87

Federal Reserve System

Front 88

U.S. General who pursued Pancho Villa in Northern Mexico.

Back 88

John J. (Black Jack) Pershing

Front 89

Houston boomed after the ____________________ made transportation cheaper between the city and the Gulf of Mexico.

Back 89

Houston Ships Channel

Front 90

Mexican rebel ________________________ invaded New Mexico in 1916.

Back 90

Pancho Villa

Front 91

Nearly 200,000 Texans fought in ___________________, after the U.S. declared war in 1917.

Back 91

WW1

Front 92

Increasing efficiency led to major problems for farmers as agriculture surpluses caused ________________________.

Back 92

Falling prices.

Front 93

The largest number of newcomers to Texas in the early 1900's were from ___________________________.

Back 93

Mexico and Central America

Front 94

Public health became a major issue in Texas because of problems brought on by ______________________.

Back 94

Rapid urbanization

Front 95

Explain the changes that caused Texans to begin to move to cities.

Back 95

More job opportunities

Better life

Front 96

The process of moving from a war time to a peace time economy.

Back 96

demobilization

Front 97

Paper notes issued by local government instead of money.

Back 97

Scrip

Front 98

Wildcatter who brought the Daisy Bradford No. 3 oil well.

Back 98

C.M. "Dad" Joiner

Front 99

African American doctor from El Paso who sued the state in 1924 when he was not allowed to vote in a primary.

Back 99

Lawrence A. Nixon

Front 100

True or False: The Texas economy boomed right after the war.

Back 100

False.

Front 101

True or False: Mexican Americans were allowed to vote everywhere in Texas but could not attend white schools.

Back 101

False.

Front 102

True or False: The Depression was far worse in Texas than in most other states.

Back 102

False.

Front 103

True or False: President Roosevelt a program known as the "The New Deal" to help Americans hurt by the Depression.

Back 103

True

Front 104

One reason the economy slowed after the war was that government spending ___________________________.

Back 104

Decreased

Front 105

Ma Ferguson offered Texans _____________________________.

Back 105

Two governors for the price of one.

Front 106

Crisis struck the oil industry in the early 1930's because of the _______________________________.

Back 106

Overproduction following the East Texas discovery.

Front 107

How does the cartoonist show approval for Roosevelt's policy?

Back 107

The cartoon shows that he approves because he thinks Roosevelt's plan will work.

Front 108

Describe how the jazz age changed the lives of may Texans.

Back 108

Helped endure the Great Depression

Made them feel better and had the effect on them to keep on trying.

Front 109

Governor who defended Texas' ownership of its tidelands

Back 109

Allan Shivers

Front 110

African American from Waco who received the Navy cross for bravery at Pearl Harbor

Back 110

Dorris Miller

Front 111

Nazi effort to destroy the Jews of Europe

Back 111

Holocaust

Front 112

Texan who was the most decorated American soldier of WWII

Back 112

Audie Murphey

Front 113

True or False: The US entered World War I after the attack on Pearl Harbor

Back 113

True

Front 114

True or False: The Texas economy declined sharply during the war, but boomed in the late 1940s

Back 114

False

Front 115

True or False: The war ended after the US dropped an atomic bomb on Berlin

Back 115

False

Front 116

True or False: Despite Brown v. Board of Education, the Texas legislature continued to resist desegregation of public schools

Back 116

True

Front 117

University enrollment grew dramatically after the war because of the GI Bill of Rights and other ____________.

Back 117

veterans benefits programs

Front 118

Segregation of Hispanic children in Texas schools ended after ____________.

Back 118

the GI forum won a lawsuit in 1957

Front 119

The Depression came to an end in Texas because of _____________.

Back 119

thousands of jobs created by the defense industry

Front 120

Discuss how the rights of African Americans and Hispanics in Texas expanded in the 1940s and 1950s.

Back 120

the rights expanded some, but not a whole lot. The "separate but equal" wasn't fair, and people still discriminated blacks and Hispanics, even after it was illegal. People finally helped the Hispanics and African Americans after Allen Shivers sued schools in 1953

Front 121

Act of Congress that gave authority for President Johnson to send troops into combat in Vietnam

Back 121

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Front 122

Texan who served in the US House of Representatives for 37 years

Back 122

Harry B González

Front 123

Texan who became president after John F Kennedy's assassination

Back 123

Lyndon B Johnson

Front 124

True or False: Lyndon Johnson was a strong supporter of the New Deal

Back 124

True

Front 125

True or False: More than 2,100 Texans were killed in the Vietnam War

Back 125

True (58,000 were killed)

Front 126

True or False: Barbara Jordan was the first African American woman to represent Texas in the US House of Representatives

Back 126

True

Front 127

True or False: The growth of the Democratic Party in the 1970s finally made Texas a two-party state

Back 127

False

Front 128

Oil prices rose sharply in the 1970s and the Texas oil business boomed after ___________.

Back 128

OPEC banned oil shipments to the US

Front 129

Texas cities grew rapidly toward the end of the 1900s because of ______________.

Back 129

the availability of good jobs and a good quality of life

Front 130

What factors contributed to the growth of Texas cities in the 1960s and 1970s?

Back 130

President Johnson's Great Society Programs were there to help older and disabled soldiers get medical care

Front 131

Democrat and longtime lieutenant governor of Texas

Back 131

Bob Bullock

Front 132

Lieutenant governor who became governor in December of 2000

Back 132

Rick Perry

Front 133

True or False: George Bush was vice president of the US before he was elected president in 1988

Back 133

True

Front 134

True or False: The world's top two producers of computers in the late 1990s were Texas companies

Back 134

True

Front 135

True or False: Oil continues to provide more than 25 % of the state's revenues

Back 135

False

Front 136

Of the largest five states, list the states that grew at a faster percentage rate than Texas

Back 136

Florida

Front 137

By what percentage difference did Texas grow faster than the US as a whole?

Back 137

9.6% difference

Front 138

Law determining what acts are legal in a society

Back 138

criminal law

Front 139

Government system under which every branch is empowered to restrict the power of the other branches

Back 139

checks and balances

Front 140

System that distributes power between a central government and many regional governments

Back 140

federalism

Front 141

The _____________ branch of government passes laws.

Back 141

legislative

Front 142

The _____________ branch of government carries out the law.

Back 142

executive

Front 143

Governors can ________ a bill to prevent it from becoming law

Back 143

veto

Front 144

Popular ___________ means that power belongs to the people

Back 144

Sovereignty

Front 145

In a _________, voters elect officials to represent them

Back 145

republic

Front 146

The separation of powers in the constitution is designed to ________________.

Back 146

make sure that no branch becomes too powerful

Front 147

The constitution of Texas was originally designed to _________________.

Back 147

limit the power of government

Front 148

A proposed law goes to a conference committee when _____________.

Back 148

differences between versions of the bill must be worked out

Front 149

The largest expenditure of state funds is for __________.

Back 149

health and human services and education

Front 150

How is representation of each texan in the state legislature made equal?

Back 150

They all get a say.