7Th Grade Cell Test

Front 1

Hydrophilic

Back 1

Attracted to water

Front 2

Lipids

Back 2

Fatty acids that are NON-Polar, so they do not mix with water. Made by Smooth ER

Front 3

Nucleus

Back 3

largest organelle in the cell, contains DNA

Front 4

Nucleolus

Back 4

round dark shape in nucleus. Contains RNA, and is only visible when the cell isn't dividing. Makes ribosomes

Front 5

Nuclear Membrane

Back 5

controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

Front 6

Nuclear Pores

Back 6

holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus

Front 7

Replication

Back 7

the process where DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division

Front 8

Transcription

Back 8

the process where DNA in a gene is copied into RNA

Front 9

Translation

Back 9

the process where RNA is turned into a protein

Front 10

Centromere

Back 10

Area/ center of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

Front 11

Chromosomes

Back 11

composed of DNA (wound DNA)

Front 12

Chromatin

Back 12

composed of unwound DNA. These wind together so the cell can divide.

Front 13

Mitosis

Back 13

How the cell divides. Chromatin condenses and forms for cell division.

Front 14

Lysosomes

Back 14

Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts

Front 15

Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 15

Matter can be neither created nor destroyed

Front 16

Mitochondria

Back 16

Energy processor of cell

Front 17

Vacuoles

Back 17

- Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal

Front 18

Anaerobic respiration

Back 18

Respiration in the absence of oxygen. This produces lactic acid.

Front 19

Aerobic respiration

Back 19

Respiration that requires oxygen

Front 20

Fermentation

Back 20

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

Front 21

Centrioles

Back 21

Cell organelle that aids in cell division (looks like golden nuggets)

Front 22

Photosynthesis Formula

Back 22

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Front 23

Respiration Formula

Back 23

C6H12O2 --> 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + ATP energy

Front 24

Cytoskeleton

Back 24

a microscopic network of protein filaments and in the cytoplasm of cells, giving them shape

Front 25

Golgi Apparatus

Back 25

Packaging proteins for export or incorporation into the plasma membrane

Front 26

Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?

Back 26

Camillo Golgi

Front 27

Four Important roles of protein

Back 27

Growth, repair, reproduction, regulate (GRRR...)

Front 28

Protein Synthesis

Back 28

Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA

Front 29

mRNA

Back 29

A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein. (also called messenger RNA)

Front 30

tRNA

Back 30

An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA(called transfer RNA)

Front 31

Chloroplasts

Back 31

Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell

Front 32

Ribosomes

Back 32

Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized. (makes protein)

Front 33

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Back 33

A large system of folded membranes within a eukaryotic cell that has ribosomes bound to it. These ribosomes synthesize proteins that will ultimately be secreted from the cell, incorporated into the plasma membrane, or transported to the Golgi apparatus or lysosome.

Front 34

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 34

type of organelle or structure that is primarily involved in the synthesis of oil and phospholipids,